I - The first paper money
Without the historical and economic news that I will enter, and come from knob in these times of banking turmoil, perhaps it would be tiresome to my readers understand the tradition.
In early 1822, the cause of independence was in grave danger of being formed as the hen to lay an egg fuss, and that hollow. The recent atrocities in Cangallo Carratalá and Maroto in Potosi, although it is true that the Patriots retempering good law, brought some panic among the weak-minded and scary. San Martin himself, despairing of his genius and fortune, he had managed to Guayaquil in search of Bolivar and the Colombian aid, leaving Lima, the office of the government, the Marquis de Torretagle grand marshal.
more talk of a conspiracy to deliver formidable enemy capital, and the new government, who fancied her fingers guests took action not only ridiculous, as the ban on use layer which had not sworn to independence, but that went through files and terrifying end. Among these will list the order to leave the country by sending the single and the famous English decree drafted Felix Berindoague Don Juan, Count of San Donuts, Baron Urpina and more of a ministry official. This decree provided that the traitors were shot and their bodies hanged. Mysteries of Fate The only one who four years later had to take such punishment execution was accomplished the unfortunate Berindoague, author of the decree. While
Pasco and Potosi in the hands of the royalists, the Mint did not bar silver seal, and between senior politicians and financiers the time saving the idea of \u200b\u200bissuing paper money to cover the costs of war. Each sneeze as God helps you.
The people who made it an uphill struggle to conceive that a piece of paper can replace the metal coined, he screamed to the seventh heaven, and to silence it must don Bernardo de Torretagle was spit on the tusk, sending enact 1. February a flock of fly-swatter, which identified the penalties incurred by those who from then not well received tickets to two and four real ones who at first put into circulation.
predicted the measure its effects. The people grumbled, and, looking very vinegar lowered his head and went through the hoop, while men of the palace, satisfied with their courage to bring law to the mob, began, as the verse says the coup de nez,
"thumb in the nose
and the other in a row,
y. ..
excuse to point the way. "
However, the government feared that the blow did a lot of tension on the rope, and gave the people a dab of honey with the appointment of García del Río, who would go to London to conclude a loan, for the depreciation of the paper and souls out of purgatory. The trade, meanwhile, went to sleep not sleep of the righteous, and engaged in negotiations, and after six months of studying the matter, issued on August 13 a decree for the paper (who was so depreciated as tickets today) was received by the Customs of Callao the monopoly of tobacco. August Bonito traders did smell good! Now that was riding at a trot to win the cape. True
San Martin not directly involved in the issuance of paper money, but the naive people, who always gives malicious and not to swallow anchovy and sardine, was put in the Magin that the Protector had taken grilled by alien hand, and he was really responsible for the not very clean operation. So when the August 20, returning from their trip to Guayaquil, San Martín returned to take charge of command, only if there were signs of public jubilation. That is also why the people of Lima had met earlier in the main square, calling for the head of Monteagudo, who escaped the storm coming exile. Work of this minister was the decree of 14 December 1821 creating the national bank of issue.
was under the rule of grand marshal Rivagüero when in March 1823, while the news arrived in London to become sacramental Wave Pattern and borrowing, Congress decided to seal (for the first time in Peru) half a million Copper pesos currency to repay the paper, after destroying the matrices, were burned daily at the door of the Treasury bills in the amount of five hundred dollars to be extinguished emission.
This will put an end to the crisis then, and the role of secured or unsecured state, which in this case does not matter, did not appear again until ... God was served send plethora of bank notes and coins total eclipse. Among the patriots and the patriots have left the country in the bones and to the garbage truck.
But it is time to refer to tradition, not the pen from slipping into romps and political comparisons, in itself dangerous in our times.
II - The Lunarejo
More shameless Winder Peta-day was in 1822 a female, the razor in the league and crow's feet around the waist, known in the town of Lima under the nickname of Lutjanus, and which was made at exactly what the saying goes:
"Woman Lunarejo
to old bad."
tenducho He had such a shoe or clerks in the street of the Jews, under the stairs of the cathedral. It was a hovel underground clerks who disappeared a few years ago, not without resistance from the canons, who perceived these wet lease and hideous dens.
Whenever a customer came to the den of Gertrude the Lunarejo demanding a pair of ear or was something to cover his ears with cotton to listen not take by mouth God gave basket toads, snakes and other dirty vermin. Despite the rigorous side threatening, the shoe is firmly refused to receive pieces of paper, garnishing their refusal with a sauce like this:
"Look, look at ladronazo San Martin not to, not content with stripping of the Virgen del Rosario, wants to take the money and leave us as printed pieces of cardboard ... The bitch that bore him to the very pu ... chuelero!
And damn, it was goda to the marrow of the bones, ended his string of insults to the injured guard cry singing a song of miz-miz, little dance in vogue, which is the ultimate sheepskin beating the Marquis de Torretagle
delegate
'Plague
pericote are in your room;
leaves the door open, I'll be the cat
.
Death to the country! Marquis
Die!
Long live Spain!
Long live the king. "
Canario! The cantarcito could not be more subversive in those days, when the king was so proscribed word of language, peje-de-baptism is the king to call peje-country, and the peacock is confirmed by the name of national turkey.
The malcontents who was then swarmed, applauded the rudeness and obscenities of Lutjanus, which owned small and cowardly filth that is to celebrate the slanderers spit on the backs of those in power. Thus emboldened the shoe, accretion from hour to hour in bold, making huesillo to police, who occasionally admonished to not offend the patriot and honest neighborhood.
taxes of any authority, much the unfortunate Torretagle hesitated to stop the scandal. Repugnant to his chivalry having to apply penalties in a woman's side.
The mayor of the district received the order so close to the Lunarejo and scold, but this, as we have said, language was a barber, sharp and cutting, welcomed the representative of the authority with a barrage of insults such that the it went good mayor mustard to his nose, and drawing four soldiers was driving, and nearly tied the brazen shoe dragging a prison cell of the Fish. At least he told his worship was:
"Your honor, my husband will Linares
to buy four oxen, three pairs
come."
Is still alive and eating the bread of the country (so called in 1822 to today we call bread loaf), many who witnessed the events reported true left, and the testimony of them appealed to me wrong, if I depart one iota of historical reality.
The next day (22 February) rose in the morning in the Plaza Mayor de Lima of a platform with a pole in the center. At two o'clock, and between an escort of soldiers, taken out of the Lunarejo Fish.
A minstrel executioner or tied to the mast and a crew cut hair. During this operation was crying and wringing the unhappy, crying
- Excuse my master Torretagle that not do it again!
What the mataperritos surrounding the Tabladillo, inciting the executioner who handled scissors and knife, they answered in chorus:
"Give, teacher, give,
to sing the Miserere."
Lunarejo
And, thinking that the boys alluded to the refrain of miz-miz, began to sing, and as one who meets recant:
"Viva la patria
of Peruvians! Death
Goths are tyrants!
But rascality was relentless, and began to scream with special chant:
'Boca hard and feet of wool! Give
, teacher, until tomorrow. "
After the rapadura, the executioner put a faucet Gertrudis killed by gag, and even four p.m. remained poor woman exposed to public shame.
Since that time no one refused to receive the paper money.
seems that my countrymen took the lesson from somebody else, and that most of the things whispered government.
III - The End of a tiger girl
insurgents
When we lost the strengths of Callao, for the betrayal and Oliva Moyano, emigrated to the Real Felipe Lunarejo where Rodil the allocated salary for three pesetas a day and serving as an officer.
On November 3, 1824 was disastrous day for Lima because of pantorrilludo Urdaneta, which gave the English cheap glory. Brigadier Mateo Ramirez, fierce memory, sowed corpses of women and children and unarmed men in the path that leads from the front of Callao to the squares of the Merced and San Marco. Old Lima still shudder with horror when they talk about as bloody carnage. Gertrude the Lunarejo
was one of those angry and heartless Bacchae who came that day with the royalist cavalry commanded by the Marquis de Valle-shady Don Pedro Zavala, and as regards a contemporary writer, committed unspeakable obscenities with the dead, danced around them butterfly and snow water.
On January 22, 1826, when he signed the capitulation Rodil Callao Lunarejo died, probably of scurvy attacked, like most of those imprisoned in that city. But by then, said the shoe had rushed a poison and preferred death to see the castles waving the flag of the Republic.
The Lunarejo exhaled his last breath crying "Long live the king."
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