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Bolivar and the chronicler Calancha - Peruvian Traditions - Fourth Series

(A Aurelio Garcia y Garcia)

I

After the battle of Ayacucho in Peru had people who did not arm twisting, and still hoped that King Ferdinand VII ordered of the metropolis an army to subdue the rebels obedience to their vassals. Rodil's obstinacy in Callao and resistance in Chiloé Quintanilla gave force to this crazy belief Goth circle, and even disappeared from the scene these stubborn heads, was in Bolivia in late 1828 by a priest Salvatierra and Francisco Javier Aguilera who raised flag by His Majesty. Truth is they left the teeth in the cut.

The positive thing is that among Republicans and monarchists new vintage was one of not understanding and each one was pulling the blanket at the risk of it shreds. Not without reason said an owner of that time: "The motherland has taken away money and jewels, and the father king cattle and grain. I have no more than the skin: Who wants it? ".

exists in the battlefield of Ayacucho a shack or hut inhabited by Sucre on the day of action. A few hours after achieving victory, an aide of General put this inscription on the wall:


DECEMBER 9, 1824 last day of Despotism



A week later alojaba en la misma choza la marquesita de Mozobamba del Pozo, peruana muy goda, y añadía estas palabras:


Y PRIMERO DE LO MISMO


En el Cuzco, último baluarte del virrey Laserna, había un partido compacto, aunque diminuto, por la causa de España. Componíanlo veinte o treinta familias de sangre azul como el añil, que no podían conformarse con que la República hubiera venido a hacer tabla rasa de pergaminos y privilegios. Y tan cierto es que la política colonial supo poner raya divisoria entre conquistadores y conquistados, que para probarlo me bastará citar el bando que en 17 de julio de 1706 hizo promulgar la Real Audiencia disponiendo que ningún indio mestizo, nor any man that was not English, I could trade, have shop or selling genres in the streets, not to be decent to ladeasen with the Spaniards who had that year and shall address only the first mechanical trades. While the Patriots

used layers of dark colors, and adopted realistic recalcitrant layers of scarlet cloth, and their wives, leaving the insurgents the use of pearls and diamonds, were given to wear earrings and gold earrings.

that occasion sang patriotic dances in this quatrain:


"Tanta
red cape and both gold ring! ... If the cow
honored
not have the bull fall down. "


At the time, and said to the Bolivar Libertador Cuzco, where the June 26, 1825 was received with great pomp, amidst triumphal arches and stepping on a carpet of flowers. Don Simon remained twenty days in the city of the Incas, twenty-nine days of balls, banquets and parties. To commemorate the visit of such an illustrious guest minted gold, silver and copper with the bust of the Father and Liberator of this land of Peru, after so forlorn.

Bolivar was then in the fullness of his glory, and here is the portrait that he has given us a thoughtful historian, and I have the simplicity of copying.

"The Liberator was thin and slightly less than average height. Dressed well, and was ex-military air: It was very strong and bold rider. Though his manners were good and unaffected, at first glance not much predisposed in his favor. His eyes, black and penetrating, but the talk was not looking ahead. Well shaped nose, high forehead, broad and sharp chin. The expression on his face, wary, sad and sometimes fierce. His character, flawed by the adulation, arrogant, moody and with a slight tendency to insult. Very passionate about the fair sex, but extremely jealous. He had great love and was very light waltz, but danced without grace. Do not smoke or allow smoking in their presence. Never appeared in public without a great band and apparatus and was jealous of the forms of etiquette. Its activity was wonderful, and always lived at home reading, teaching or speaking. His favorite reading was of French books, and then come Gallicisms style. Speaking well and easily, loved to give speeches and toasts. Was great treats, but was very sparing in eating and drinking. Very unselfish of money, was insatiably hungry for glory. "



Marshal Miller, which dealt with privacy to Bolivar, and Loronte and Vicuña Mackenna, who were not able to meet, say the voice of the Liberator was thick and rough. I could cite the testimony of many independence heroes who still live, and who argue that the winner of Spain's voice was thin and had inflections that sometimes resembled a squeak, especially when he was upset.

Laffond Traveler says: "The most characteristic signs of Bolivar was a very marked pride, which presented a stark contrast to not look ahead but to the very bottom. The tone he used with his generals was extremely arrogant, but his manners were distinguished and revealed to have received very good education. Although his language was sometimes rude, rude that was affected, as used to be a military air. " Almost the same picture

General Jeronimo ago Espejo, who in a very interesting book, published in Buenos Aires in 1873, about the interview in Guayaquil, refers, to give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe vanity of Bolivar, one of the banquets that were made then said the future Liberator: "I toast, gentlemen, for the two greatest men in South America, General San Martin and Me." Frankly, it seems suspect the toast, and forgive the general venerable Mirror quarantined it. Bolivar could be anything but utter fool.

Another writer, painting the arrogance of Bolivar and his tendency to humiliate those around him, said that one night he entered the Liberator, accompanied Monteagudo, a ballroom, and, to remove his hat, he passed for it to receive him. The proud Monteagudo was the laggard, and turning his face toward the group of companions, shouted: "A servant who received the hat from his excellence." As for the

portrait of Bolívar we judge makes unauthorized Pruvonena and fruit of whim and political enmity and persoal.

II

After the first and most boisterous parties, Bolivar wanted to examine whether the Cuzco were happy with their authorities, and asked how many visited him reports on the nature, conduct and political ideas of men who played a important position.

As was natural, he received conflicting reports. For some, this employee was patriotic, honest and intelligent, and the same, for others, was a Goth, rogue and gross.

However, there was an animal presupuestívoro (ie employee) who nemine dissenting all, big and small, were made to recommend the Liberator languages. Amazed

Bolivar find such uniformity of opinion, came to shake his head muttering:

- The pim ... Pinela! No way.

Then raising his voice, asked:

- Do you play? "Nor

knucklebones or the brisca, Sir

- Do you drink?

-Pure water, Excellency.

- Enamora? "It's

exemplary husband, Sir.

- Steal?
-Ni
time, Excellency.

- Blasphemous?

-old Christian, sir excellent, and complies with the rule for Lent.

- Do you use red cape?

-bluer than the sky, Your Excellency.

- Is it good?

-inherited some land and a house and helped with the sueldecito, life goes drinks, Excellency. Bored

Bolivar ended the questioning, releasing their favorite and historical and interjection.

When the visitor was leaving, he directed his Secretary General Don Felipe Santiago Estenós.

- What do you think of this, mister?

Lord, you can not, "answered the able secretary. A man who speaks no evil is more holy than those in the altar.

- No-Don Simon insisted, "because I do not rest until there is someone to put this man as new!

and excellence called another neighbor, and return to dialogue and to hear the same answers, and returns to fire the reporter and utter the well-known expletive.

It came on July 25, the day before the day appointed by Bolivar to continue their triumphant trip to Potosi, and officials and employees went pruning or fearful of reform that would give translations and layoffs result.

At midnight came the Deliverer of his room, a large parchment bound book, and screaming like a madman,

- Estenós! Estenós! Jumped and the hare.

- What hare, sir? Asked bewildered the good Don Felipe Santiago.

"Read what it says here this Friar, who today declare wiser than Solomon seven of Greece. Had to be Bolivia! "He added with a certain mocking folly.

Estenós took the book. Agustina Chronicle was written in the first half of the seventeenth century by Fray Antonio de la Calancha, born in Chuquisaca.

The secretary read the folio: Not the most miserable who has no friends, but who has no enemies, because it proves that he has no grudge honor, courage, fear him, covet wealth, property that wait, or anything good that you envy.

And our man a pen was dismissed from his job, as Mr. Simon gave the following reasoning:

"Either this guy is an intriguing temporizing, that's right with the devil and the heavenly court, or a memo to all who handle your craving. In either case is fit for the service, says the ordinance. "



For other employees, from the Prefect to the doorman, did the Liberator alteration. Did

Bolivar reason? I have

to me that the Augustinian Calancha ... monk was no leeway.

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The revolution medal - Peruvian Traditions - Fourth Series

The Marquis of Santa Sophia of the Royal Secret and Bobaliche Baron was an exact copy of the child Goyito, so spiritually painted by Brown in his Mirror of my land. Fortunately, the rate of such eggs hatching Lima candid gone to the point that our generation considers it unlikely, not attaching the testimony of people who managed to learn that farming neighbors. Don

Chombo (which they call to stop pointing the true name and title, we are arming their descendants camorra) flag policy was the strongest.

When in 1821 he entered San Martin in Lima, removing the dog snapped realistic, our raging insurgent Marquis declared, saying: - long, then they wanted the escutcheons lasted the mamandurria? No, sir, once we leave we own broken layer of Us! Viva the homeland and death to the Goths!

When in 1824, lost the castles of Callao and in possession of them Rodil, anarchy between rivagüeristas and torretaglistas and a long series of bad turn drew contrasts the cause of the republic, was quick to turn coat Jeronimo, and frequenting realistic circles, said very exalted:

- What canejo! Not acceptable that these insurgents blackish come with clean hands to make wax and wick of what belongs to our lord and master Ferdinand VII, God save him! Long live the king and death to the country!

In early December of that year SUPOS vaguely in the military Lima Republican had suffered a setback in Corpahuaico and Matara, news which greatly encouraged the royalists in the capital.

gathering point for them was Orcacitas store on Calle del Arzobispo. There

settled the fate of the country do you want to mouth, and reputations are made and unmade, and they forged and cast rolling ball great. A

hands of the owner of the store had reached the medal, with the bust of the monarch, was coined in Spain to commemorate the restoration of absolute rule, and seemed written on his fellow merchant Don Valerio and Don Alejo Tamarite Chamichumi, when he managed to get Baron of Bobaliche, and the three friends, feigning surprise airecito, conspired to make it communicate with a millstone.

- Hello, gentlemen! What is it?

"Nothing, Marquis, nothing.

- How about anything? And what you have hidden to get me? I think, sir Orcacitas, I'm legit, and that just cause is in me a faithful servant.

"Look, Marquis, is that the thing is very important," said the shopkeeper.

"And we will the skin, if the Patriots gulusmean what we bring in hand-added Chamichumi.

-clear as daylight, "he added Tamarite. Number one is a lot number and must be looked after, and the times go as to have no confidence or the collar.

- Well, man! Avenge me openly with you, me ..., the Marquis de Santa Sofia's Royal Secret! ... Not so! Then let it be known you, friend Tamarite, I'm from the lodge Aznapuquio, and I'm in the intricacies of things, "said Don Chombo beating made grotesque conceit.

- Ah! If you are in cars and belongs to the lodge and Canterac Laserna, do not have to play hide-Orcacitas said, taking the medal and showed it to Don Jeronimo. This

looked at and looked again, took the weight, hit it with your fingernail to hear the clang, and returning it to its owner said: "Silver is

. Well worth two dollars. Do you want the play the "heads or tails?

- Man, do not you speak heresy! Tamarite interrupted. You kiss her that God would forgive him.

"Come" said the marquis. Nothing is lost by kissing, if it is a relic of a saint and I earn indulgences.

"No, sir, is just pretending relic Chamichumi said indignantly.

- Well! Well! No need to bother, gentlemen, that he who sins through ignorance, venial sins.

Her Majesty, "continued Chamichumi-to reward their loyal vassals of Lima has created a new order with more privileges than those of Isabel la Católica, San Hermenegildo and Carlos III, and sent fifty medals with real image to be distributed among many other party.

- What! "And I did not remember the king, when I'm more goth than Christian? He cried, jealous and crushed between the good Marquis.

- Male, quiet and nonsulfur! Caramba with geniecito! The medals have been consigned to the Count of San Isidro, and you have only to have her present for honored him in a heartbeat.

"For where he'd go, rather than by lack of care I will make clear, saying that it occurred late and wait for the new consignment.

"That is, Marquis, and on warm ... But by God, you Guardeno secret and that our names or sound or thunder.

"Do not worry, gentlemen, that my mouth is a piggy bank.

And Don Chombo, unpaved streets, went to the Guild, where he lived the Count of San Isidro, head of an ancient and major trading house seasoning and warm patriot, but she has stamped her doodle on the minutes of the oath independence.

was the Count in his writing desk, busy confronting some accounts, when presented el marqués y le dijo:

-Señor conde, aquí estoy porque he venido.

El de San Isidro, que era hombre seriote y de malas pulgas, le contestó sin dejar de examinar papeles:

-Pues ha venido usted, señor marqués, sin ser llamado; y haría bien en salir por donde entró, que ahora estoy rodeado de ocupaciones que no admiten espera.

-El servicio del rey es ante todo, señor mío -repuso Chombito ahuecando la voz-, y sépase usted que estoy inteligenciado del negocio. La prueba es que vengo por la mía.

El conde de San Isidro, que sus razones tenía para andar escamado con la política, dejó la pluma, y poniéndose de foot, faltered:

I do not understand what you mean, Don Chombo.

"That is, ask yourself now from the limbus, but did not know I have a lot of guts. Come where the king has sent me, with the corresponding diploma, and tell you with my silence, and I and mine will do everything that we required for the devil to be finished this rogue of Bolivar, which is with water up to his neck.

- Come on, Marquis, you have lunch strong, and I'm damned if I understand a word of what so without rhyme or reason is stringing!

- Hello! You still negative and stubborn, as if I were a man to keep a secret! Well, look what you do, sir, because if not bring my medal, loose tongue and the devil takes the pipe. You do not play with me or anyone, and may cost you a cake pan, and Bolivar fusile without mercy. Man! We're cool! Breast you ever seen the spade! And Don Chombo

seeing flashes of anger came home from San Isidro, leaving it stuck in a sea of \u200b\u200bconfusion and fright uppercase within the body.

The Marquis was referring to those found along the way (of course, recommending a secret) that entered the Count of San Isidro His Majesty had sent a shipment of Bourbon decorations, and the manager zamarro allocated between the loyalists had proposed saw them, betraying the purpose of the monarch.

With more speed than if it had been printed in the Gaceta de Madrid, ran the species between the partisans of Spain, and the Count of San Isidro was a jubilee of entrances and exits of men and even women who were to claim the medal, because they were segurísimos had not been forgotten by Ferdinand VII Desire in the actual distribution of grants, which should go hand in hand with calls enriqueñas grants distributed by the handful of Trastamara among those who helped overthrow the king, Don Pedro and usurp the crown.

The unfortunate Earl, without knowing how he was in a dangerous maze, could only escape the conflict and the beggars who provided refuge on a farm five miles from Lima.

his sudden absence coincided with the betrothal news of the great victory achieved by the independent army in Ayacucho, and some of the anxious before the medal, became the rising sun, and to ingratiate himself with the Liberator reported that the San Isidro possessed the threads of a diabolical plan in time if not destroyed would infallibly the Republic to the brink.

to be less circumspect Bolivar clink would have gone to all defendants complicit in the nefarious and mysterious project. Fortunately, the Liberator was not frightened man with goblins or shrews, and was so shrewd and cleverly unraveling the skein, which eventually came to clean out in the origin of all the pipe was in the candor of the Marquis de Santa Sofia Royal Secret and Bobaliche Baron, an ant who had an elephant.

Since then, whenever he spoke to Bolívar of machinations against the government, he answered, smiling:

- The pim ... Pinela! Could it be that the revolution of the medal?

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The first British Consul - Peruvian Traditions - Fourth Series

(A Don Modesto Basadre)

early 1824, and as an act involving the recognition of the independence of Peru, credited the cabinet of St. James to Mr. Thomas Rowcroft with the character of the English Consul in Lima.

When he arrived in Peru British agent, found the capital and Callao in the hands of the royalists in consequence of the revolution Moyano.

Lima, the holiday town of Pizarro, had the grim look of a cemetery, and the grass grew in the streets for lack of pedestrians. English Brigadier Mateo Ramirez had, with the ferocity of their actions, terrified neighbors.

"Looking out onto a balcony of the Convent of Mercy," says one notable -contemporary historian, amused himself by making up a few young dandies who crossed the square and made them shave his head, saying that wearing your hair to the Republican. Mr. Besanilla, respected elder, was put on the cross before the door of Mercy, for saying that overnight would Bolivar patriotic forces. A lantern placed on the head of the martyred knight allowed to read the following sign: "Here is hanging Besanilla, even until the rebel gang."

Even women were victims of the despotic brigadier, who was shut for several hours in the dungeons of the Lima headquarters that looked coral earrings or curls in their hair, trim the Robespierre of Peru, as it was called, described as revolutionary. Banned

will use the covered blue skirt or other clothing of that color that was fashionable at the time of St. Martin, and sentenced to serve several hospitals genius girls happy, for the crime of singing this song too popular at the time:


"A D. Simón Bolívar
ask God, that his officers

give me husband. "


Brigadier Ramón Rodil held in Callao under the command of three thousand soldiers, and enjoyed great prestige and popularity in the neighborhood, unanimously realistic, in that plaza. The Castilian Real Felipe had not yet resorted to extremely rigorous measures which later conquered sinister reputation.

Such was the situation on arrival of the English consul. Mister

Rowcroft bordering on fifty, and was the perfect type of gentleman. Acompañábalo his daughter, Miss Ellen, one of those steamy willis and ideal beauty, captivate both passenger in a box at Covent-garden or in the streets of Regent's Park.

Bolivar was in the North, where he sent British agent credentials, which immediately put the Liberator exequatur.

On December 5 the royalists retreated to Lima Callao. Peer knew that 7 would go Bolivar in the capital.

At ten in the morning of 6 Mr. Rowcroft, accompanied by his daughter in his car headed to Callao, where I expected a ship of the British frigate Cambridge. Even the four p.m. remained aboard the consul in conference with the commander of the ship.

A Rodil could not help but come up to that interview on the eve of reaching Bolivar was motivated by political reasons adverse to the cause of the king, and paced impatiently in the hallway of the shelter.

On landing he was approached by the consul Brigadier, gallantly gave his arm to Miss Ellen and escorted to the stirrup of the car.

-general Lord asked Mr. Rowcroft in bad English, "do not be a danger on the road?

"None, sir," said Rodil-consul, however, here I have ready a pass signed by me to the king advanced.

- Very well! (Thank you very much)-said the consul, put the paper in his pocket.

"If there is danger for you," continued Rodil-will by the insurgent guerrilla band.

- Oh, no! Patriots know me a lot ... Montoneras my friends ... be friends. Rodil

smiled, shook hand, the consul sat beside his daughter, and the carriage started.

The last outpost of the English was in Bellavista, protected by the guns of the castle. The officer who commanded his fly aproximose a car, beat the pass, and said

"So far, Mr. Consul, your honor has understood us and has not gone wrong. In the rest of the way understood by the insurgents. Bon voyage!

Miss Ellen, despite not understanding English, thought to find something fun or covert sinister threat to the officer's accent: he had what is called a hunch, one of those mysterious intuitions, that God was prodigal with the wife, and said in English to his father: "I have

fear return to Callao.

- girl, girl! "Murmured the consul and paternal affectionate tone reproach. I have duties to perform in Lima ... Half an hour more and we will have arrived.

And turning to the coachman, he added:

- Go head!

Four minutes later, while passing through the Baquijano Carrizal, a rain of bullets fell on the carriage.

The driver turned flanges, exhaust and took the path of Callao.

The weak young man was passed out, and Mr. Rowcroft, belly pierced by a bullet, writhing in anguish seizures.

Rodil, who continued their walk in the corridor of the arsenal, there was very attentive to assist the wounded, who died twelve hours later, aided by the surgeon of Cambridge.

Day 11, and after the body embalmed, landed hundred sailors from the frigate, the official English and the French corvette Diligent. The funeral procession embarked in fifteen boats, disparose every minute a cannon, and the body was buried on the island of San Lorenzo ... Who's to blame for this crime?

Don Gaspar Rico and Angulo, English journalist, editor of The Trustee, without literature scholar, a great fan of rude jokes, bad-tempered man of character and confidant of Rodil, claimed in his infamous scrap of paper lay the responsibility for the guerrilla patriots. But his description of the funeral, no right to judge who among the royalists of Callao were taxed applause crime. And lest it be said that we believe to birlonga or without foundation, we'll copy an article signed by Rico and Angulo, appeared in El Callao Depositary for the December 17, the day before he arrived at Lima's big news the victory of Ayacucho: PUBLIC SHOWS


.- The day 11 appeared a very stilted view of the people at the funeral of Mr. Thomas Rowcroft no guts. Some of them were the charred to death of the nation's montoneros great p. .. misses, and the residue of which it formed the Bandullos removed for embalming. When launched this operation, very rare in these countries, told the mourners who practiced London to carry relics of the deceased, but there was a pregnancy occur, and taken to the nearby deserted island of San Lorenzo, where they rest in peace if they do not make war birds of prey that have and do not have wings. Some people said that the coffin was too heavy because it was full of ounces of gold, and other propagated that smelled of sulfur because the deceased was taken by the devil. If all that is said and heard in a civilized people and the century lights, what would that in an age of barbarism? Our Beat, Beat, and a friar of the audience repaired to a cleric, there is no devil persuades them to be Catholic ecclesiastical communion, because they saw him cope, chasuble, surplice, stole, or deputy clerk saw, cross Acetre , hyssop and holy water. And do not say what this minister said dildo Lutherans, because it is good to find all the nonsense that is spoken.



a button is better explained. Still more harshness of words, because the writer had a gala to be learned in the profane, are written all the numbers from the Depositary. Fortunately, Angulo Rico and has founded the journalism school in Peru. It was a blur of paper not worth half wafer halved.

When finalized the site of the castle began diseases and food shortages to wreak havoc among the royalists, the victim died of scurvy the stud journalist who was in a burial ground for mockery.

occupations, concluded the accusation hurled Angulo Rico and the guerrillas of the country, enough to dispel the view that the Patriots did not have to sacrifice who was addicted to them well, and in that day back from Callao after conferring with the commander of Cambridge in the service of the American cause. Were, therefore, the royalists who, a few blocks away from his line of operations, prepared the ambush that was the victim the first British Consul in Peru.

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A phrase saving - Peruvian Traditions - Fourth Court of Bolivar

Victor Hugo wrote: "The man who has won the battle of Waterloo in defeat is not Napoleon, Wellington and retreating to the four and desperate at five, and Blucher not beat: the man who has won the Battle of Waterloo is Cambronne. "

Commenting on these statements of the author of Les Miserables, says an enlightened Argentina: "In the battle of Ayacucho can say the same. They were neither the English Canterac left lying on the battlefield who lost it. It was a saying who won. Who said it? A man whose age was hardly the revolution: a general twenty-five years: Cordova, in the most critical of the low stock of the horse and lifted his hat elastic at the tip of his sword, exclaiming, "Go ahead with step winners! ".

These beautiful Buenos Aires writer concepts have brought to mind an almost forgotten memory of something that when I was fifteen years old I heard refer to a veteran of the independence. That something is also a saying, a cry of a humble soldier, three words, uttered in a supreme moment saved after the debacles Moquegua Torata and the remains of the Peruvian army. Demos

form to memory, and save the historical oblivion the name of that brave. For the captain rang the bell metal glory, and if you ever rings for the poor soldier is ... with wooden bells.

On January 19, 1823 General Valdez, and yielded excellent military tactician, had attracted business by maneuvering the patriot army to the heights of Torata. After nine hours of stubborn fighting, in which the independents lost more than seven hundred men, had to undertake removal of Moquegua. General Alvarado camped there to reorganize its troops, but having received Valdez strengthening Canterac division, fell on the morning of 21 on Moquegua. The shortage of ammunition, the quarrels between the leaders, the influence on the morale of the soldier should have the contrast of 19, and most of all the ill-general provisions, resulted in another defeat for the Republicans. Reduced

patriots to 1500 men, more or less, began a disastrous retreat on the coast, pursued doggedly by the cocky winner. That's when Rosa and Taramona, these inseparable friends in the classroom and on the battlefield, as Lorenz says, imitating the heroism of Lieutenant Pringless and four grenadiers Fishermen in action, preferring to jump into the sea rather than surrender prisoners Olañeta troops. The 1500

scattered Alvarado, always closely pursued by the formidable royal army, and despaired of reaching the port of Ilo, where transferring to transport, saved from being victimized. Two hundred and twenty horse grenadiers, commanded by Commander Don Juan Lavalle, that lion unleashed, as he calls one of his biographers, whose achievements are worthy of the epic, is commissioned to protect a withdrawal that almost looked like a stampede in the I can.

The energetic Lavalle, if infants saw soon to be surrounded by the enemy, he threw his grenadiers, sword in hand, on the columns realistic, thus leading the Patriots to advance road. And these charges took four, leaving each with twenty or thirty men down, but always rejected if the object of the brave commander was achieved. The 1500 infants were even a mile away from his pursuers.

After the fourth attack, Lavalle told his people. One hundred and fifteen men! The others had fallen heroically.

And meanwhile the royalists, redoubling its efforts, managed to put a few blocks from the patriot infantry, that lack of gunpowder and organizational would have had to surrender. You could not even attempt a simulation of resistance to achieve capitulation.

Everything was lost. Lavalle

same hesitated for a new attack. Insurance was to carry a few brave sacrifice that accompanied it, no chance of that sacrifice saved the vanquished Torata and Moquegua.

was then, in that moment of supreme anguish, when a grenadier, called Seraphim Melvares, said:

- A Necochea here! Lavalle

could hear the cry of that brave, whose name has saved happily making tradition reach us, perhaps the considered a reproach that ever doubted his courage belied, and exalted replied: "Same

die a Lavalle know a Necochea. Charge, riot!

And it was so bold and impetuous onslaught, that unless the royal army so numerous, the triumphs of Moquegua Torata and defeat would have become.

existed between Lavalle and Necochea always emulating, chivalrous rivalry in which, vying for primacy those two gallant champions, was the cause of independence who gained the victory.

After the fifth charge, the English army stopped the persecution of patriots.

When Lavalle could tell his troops, only eighty-three of his grenadiers with him. On that memorable charge desperate and had lost thirty-two. Serafin
Melvares
The soldier was among the dead. Glory to His name! An exclamation of hers, a wrong sentence, three words that did not clearly express a thought, enough to save the remnants of an army which in 1824 was to strengthen Ayacucho in the field of freedom of a continent.

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Series - Traditions Peru - Fourth Series

(A Ricardo Bustamante)


In June of 1824 stood the liberating army stepped Ancachs department, preparing to undertake the operations of the campaign In August of that year resulted in the Battle of Junín, and four months later the glorious victory of Ayacucho.

Caraz resided in Bolivar with his staff, who commanded the cavalry Necochea, the Peruvian division of La-Mar, and the battalions Bogota, Caracas, Pichincha and Voltíjeros, who so gallantly fought Córdova Bravo orders. Lara

Division, composed of battalions Vargas, Rifles and Winners, occupied barracks in the city of Huaraz. It was the officers of these bodies a group of young gallant and skulls, which were so indomitable courage in the battles of Mars and in Venus. As I got ready to fight the valiant and heroic to realistic large army, rushing into the garrison life with no less courage and ardor to the descendants of the greedy banished from Paradise.

The Colombian official was thus no reason for anxiety for girls, of grief for mothers and anxiety for husbands, for those cursed militronchos could not tripping over a fairly tasty palm without saying, and later the brave Córdova: Go ahead and step winner, and be able to provide some familiarity to the husband cramps less scaly and fussy. Boy, were confianzudos liberators!

were open to them the doors of every house, and was are useless for a lock, it always had their way to kill fleas and enter it as conquered space. And no one dared to treat them with indifference: first, because they were fashionable, and second, because it would be great ingratitude to disgust those who came from the banks of the Cauca and rushed to help break the ring and participate in our setbacks and our glories, and third, because in the old country no one wanted to sit warm Patriot Square. Given the division
Lara
a regular band, the officers, who, as we said, were friends with fun people, they went with her after eight o'clock Mass at the house that they had been craving, and improvised a dance for which the owner of the house agreed to her friends in the neighborhood.

A lady, whom I call Mrs. Munar, a wealthy English widow, lived in a house near the plaza, accompanied by two daughters and two nieces, girls all in a position to aspire to immediate wedding, they were beautiful, rich, well indoctrination and belonging to the old aristocracy of the place. They had what was then known as salt, pepper, oregano and cominillo, ie the four things that came from the peninsula looked to the American woman.

Although Mrs. Munar, no doubt of loyalty to the memory of his deceased was requetegoda Gothic and could not get excused from a night in his living room to the young gentlemen Colombian music that are expressed desire to build revel in the aristocratic home.

Regarding the girls, we know that the soul will jump in the body is shaking ceased to sack duo of temptations.
Mrs. Munar
swallowed hard every compliment that officials blame them maidens, and took a nip now his niece is chipped with a little word cheerleader, or quietly called to order at the daughter who paid more attention which requires good parenting to Garatusa a liberator. Midnight

bygone era when one of the girls, whose charms had revolted sense of the captain of the fourth company of the battalion Vargas, felt unwell and retired to his room. The lover and libertine captain, believing fool the Argos of the mother, was to find the nest of the dove. Resisted this to the requirements of Tenorio, who probably had way to go from cloudy to dark brown, when a hand took hold quickly in the officer's sword from his belt and stabbed the blade into the side. Who

and punished the man who tried to bring shame to a family was old Mrs. Munar.

The captain jumped into the room by covering the wound hands. His companions, who was very dear, put together a great noise, and after soldiers surrounded the house and leave everything prisoner puppet in a skirt, drove the dying man to the barracks. It ended

Bolivar lunch when she heard about a scandal, and immediately mounted his horse and made very few hours on the road to Huaraz Caraz.

That day the army was reported as follows: GENERAL ORDER




His Excellency the Liberator has learned with indignation that the glorious flag of Colombia, whose custody Vargas instructed the battalion has been defamed by those who should be jealous his honor and splendor, and consequently, for exemplary punishment of crime, provides:

1. º The battalion Vargas will take the last number of the line, and its flag will remain deposited with the general in chief until a clear victory over the enemy that body shame that has fallen on him.

2. º The body of the offender will be buried without the horrors of the ordinance, and the blade of the sword which Colombia would give to the defense of freedom and morality, be broken by the quartermaster in the presence of the company.


worthy of the great Bolivar is such a general nature. Only she could retain their prestige the cause of independence and re-temper military discipline.

Sucre, Cordoba, Lara and all the leaders of Colombia were determined to Bolivar to repeal section in which the battalion Vargas demoted because of one of his officers. The Liberator was adamant for three days, after which give political thought. The moral lesson was given, and little meaning and keep the first item. Vargas

erased the stain of Huaraz with the courage he displayed in Matara and the Battle of Ayacucho.

captain buried after Colombia, Bolivar and ran home of Mrs. Munar and said

-Greeting to all the worthy matron Women deserve respect in its very weakness could save her strength to save his honor and the honor of their own.

Mrs. Munar left from that moment to be Gothic, and said excitedly:

- Long live the Liberator! Viva la patria!

Bra For Stroke Victim

A girl of breaks and cracks - Peruvian Traditions - Fourth Series

I - The first paper money

Without the historical and economic news that I will enter, and come from knob in these times of banking turmoil, perhaps it would be tiresome to my readers understand the tradition.

In early 1822, the cause of independence was in grave danger of being formed as the hen to lay an egg fuss, and that hollow. The recent atrocities in Cangallo Carratalá and Maroto in Potosi, although it is true that the Patriots retempering good law, brought some panic among the weak-minded and scary. San Martin himself, despairing of his genius and fortune, he had managed to Guayaquil in search of Bolivar and the Colombian aid, leaving Lima, the office of the government, the Marquis de Torretagle grand marshal.

more talk of a conspiracy to deliver formidable enemy capital, and the new government, who fancied her fingers guests took action not only ridiculous, as the ban on use layer which had not sworn to independence, but that went through files and terrifying end. Among these will list the order to leave the country by sending the single and the famous English decree drafted Felix Berindoague Don Juan, Count of San Donuts, Baron Urpina and more of a ministry official. This decree provided that the traitors were shot and their bodies hanged. Mysteries of Fate The only one who four years later had to take such punishment execution was accomplished the unfortunate Berindoague, author of the decree. While

Pasco and Potosi in the hands of the royalists, the Mint did not bar silver seal, and between senior politicians and financiers the time saving the idea of \u200b\u200bissuing paper money to cover the costs of war. Each sneeze as God helps you.

The people who made it an uphill struggle to conceive that a piece of paper can replace the metal coined, he screamed to the seventh heaven, and to silence it must don Bernardo de Torretagle was spit on the tusk, sending enact 1. February a flock of fly-swatter, which identified the penalties incurred by those who from then not well received tickets to two and four real ones who at first put into circulation.

predicted the measure its effects. The people grumbled, and, looking very vinegar lowered his head and went through the hoop, while men of the palace, satisfied with their courage to bring law to the mob, began, as the verse says the coup de nez,


"thumb in the nose
and the other in a row,
y. ..
excuse to point the way. "


However, the government feared that the blow did a lot of tension on the rope, and gave the people a dab of honey with the appointment of García del Río, who would go to London to conclude a loan, for the depreciation of the paper and souls out of purgatory. The trade, meanwhile, went to sleep not sleep of the righteous, and engaged in negotiations, and after six months of studying the matter, issued on August 13 a decree for the paper (who was so depreciated as tickets today) was received by the Customs of Callao the monopoly of tobacco. August Bonito traders did smell good! Now that was riding at a trot to win the cape. True

San Martin not directly involved in the issuance of paper money, but the naive people, who always gives malicious and not to swallow anchovy and sardine, was put in the Magin that the Protector had taken grilled by alien hand, and he was really responsible for the not very clean operation. So when the August 20, returning from their trip to Guayaquil, San Martín returned to take charge of command, only if there were signs of public jubilation. That is also why the people of Lima had met earlier in the main square, calling for the head of Monteagudo, who escaped the storm coming exile. Work of this minister was the decree of 14 December 1821 creating the national bank of issue.

was under the rule of grand marshal Rivagüero when in March 1823, while the news arrived in London to become sacramental Wave Pattern and borrowing, Congress decided to seal (for the first time in Peru) half a million Copper pesos currency to repay the paper, after destroying the matrices, were burned daily at the door of the Treasury bills in the amount of five hundred dollars to be extinguished emission.

This will put an end to the crisis then, and the role of secured or unsecured state, which in this case does not matter, did not appear again until ... God was served send plethora of bank notes and coins total eclipse. Among the patriots and the patriots have left the country in the bones and to the garbage truck.

But it is time to refer to tradition, not the pen from slipping into romps and political comparisons, in itself dangerous in our times.


II - The Lunarejo

More shameless Winder Peta-day was in 1822 a female, the razor in the league and crow's feet around the waist, known in the town of Lima under the nickname of Lutjanus, and which was made at exactly what the saying goes:


"Woman Lunarejo
to old bad."


tenducho He had such a shoe or clerks in the street of the Jews, under the stairs of the cathedral. It was a hovel underground clerks who disappeared a few years ago, not without resistance from the canons, who perceived these wet lease and hideous dens.

Whenever a customer came to the den of Gertrude the Lunarejo demanding a pair of ear or was something to cover his ears with cotton to listen not take by mouth God gave basket toads, snakes and other dirty vermin. Despite the rigorous side threatening, the shoe is firmly refused to receive pieces of paper, garnishing their refusal with a sauce like this:

"Look, look at ladronazo San Martin not to, not content with stripping of the Virgen del Rosario, wants to take the money and leave us as printed pieces of cardboard ... The bitch that bore him to the very pu ... chuelero!

And damn, it was goda to the marrow of the bones, ended his string of insults to the injured guard cry singing a song of miz-miz, little dance in vogue, which is the ultimate sheepskin beating the Marquis de Torretagle
delegate

'Plague
pericote are in your room;
leaves the door open, I'll be the cat
.


Death to the country! Marquis
Die!
Long live Spain!
Long live the king. "


Canario! The cantarcito could not be more subversive in those days, when the king was so proscribed word of language, peje-de-baptism is the king to call peje-country, and the peacock is confirmed by the name of national turkey.

The malcontents who was then swarmed, applauded the rudeness and obscenities of Lutjanus, which owned small and cowardly filth that is to celebrate the slanderers spit on the backs of those in power. Thus emboldened the shoe, accretion from hour to hour in bold, making huesillo to police, who occasionally admonished to not offend the patriot and honest neighborhood.

taxes of any authority, much the unfortunate Torretagle hesitated to stop the scandal. Repugnant to his chivalry having to apply penalties in a woman's side.

The mayor of the district received the order so close to the Lunarejo and scold, but this, as we have said, language was a barber, sharp and cutting, welcomed the representative of the authority with a barrage of insults such that the it went good mayor mustard to his nose, and drawing four soldiers was driving, and nearly tied the brazen shoe dragging a prison cell of the Fish. At least he told his worship was:


"Your honor, my husband will Linares

to buy four oxen, three pairs
come."


Is still alive and eating the bread of the country (so called in 1822 to today we call bread loaf), many who witnessed the events reported true left, and the testimony of them appealed to me wrong, if I depart one iota of historical reality.

The next day (22 February) rose in the morning in the Plaza Mayor de Lima of a platform with a pole in the center. At two o'clock, and between an escort of soldiers, taken out of the Lunarejo Fish.

A minstrel executioner or tied to the mast and a crew cut hair. During this operation was crying and wringing the unhappy, crying

- Excuse my master Torretagle that not do it again!

What the mataperritos surrounding the Tabladillo, inciting the executioner who handled scissors and knife, they answered in chorus:


"Give, teacher, give,
to sing the Miserere."

Lunarejo
And, thinking that the boys alluded to the refrain of miz-miz, began to sing, and as one who meets recant:


"Viva la patria
of Peruvians! Death

Goths are tyrants!


But rascality was relentless, and began to scream with special chant:


'Boca hard and feet of wool! Give
, teacher, until tomorrow. "


After the rapadura, the executioner put a faucet Gertrudis killed by gag, and even four p.m. remained poor woman exposed to public shame.

Since that time no one refused to receive the paper money.

seems that my countrymen took the lesson from somebody else, and that most of the things whispered government.


III - The End of a tiger girl
insurgents
When we lost the strengths of Callao, for the betrayal and Oliva Moyano, emigrated to the Real Felipe Lunarejo where Rodil the allocated salary for three pesetas a day and serving as an officer.

On November 3, 1824 was disastrous day for Lima because of pantorrilludo Urdaneta, which gave the English cheap glory. Brigadier Mateo Ramirez, fierce memory, sowed corpses of women and children and unarmed men in the path that leads from the front of Callao to the squares of the Merced and San Marco. Old Lima still shudder with horror when they talk about as bloody carnage. Gertrude the Lunarejo

was one of those angry and heartless Bacchae who came that day with the royalist cavalry commanded by the Marquis de Valle-shady Don Pedro Zavala, and as regards a contemporary writer, committed unspeakable obscenities with the dead, danced around them butterfly and snow water.

On January 22, 1826, when he signed the capitulation Rodil Callao Lunarejo died, probably of scurvy attacked, like most of those imprisoned in that city. But by then, said the shoe had rushed a poison and preferred death to see the castles waving the flag of the Republic.

The Lunarejo exhaled his last breath crying "Long live the king."

Why Cani Get Whole Sale Liquors

A quotient unlikely - Peruvian Traditions - Fourth Series

Don Rafael Hurtado was for the years 1888, owner of the estate of Porum in the Ica valley. Crony and friend of his was Ignacio Risco, steward of the estate of Cipion, within the jurisdiction of Palpa.

waist Twelve miles long separated the two friends, but the distance does not preclude served each month at least to visit was Risco Hurtado.

As there were no secrets between them, he confided one day the rancher Porum his friend who had sold a thick line of bottles of brandy, and she received eight thousand hard in ounces of gold, the same as, sheltered from the sun wind, was locked in the bottom of the flask.

ran a week and a Saturday night more than half apareciose Risco, covered the face with a mask, threatened Hurtado to stab him if they resisted, and took the pelucones. Don Rafael

recognized his friend, and the next day went to the house of Governor Don Antonio Erquiaga, and cast forth glove called a thief.

About Erquiaga, note that this, recently arrived from Galicia, in 1814, is resident in Pisco, where a few months later was elected mayor. Very plump for the honor he had earned, he wrote to his father informing him the distinction he had achieved. Pisco is traditional that the galleon of Spain immediately Galician father replied, "Son Antonio, dícesme you are already authority in Pisco, and I say: what about that land will b. .. summer, when you have your mayor? ".

Erquiaga Governor sent to the prison and Ignacio Risco further trial, but he had the good fortune to prove what in legal language call alibi, with the unanimous testimony of countless people. Doña María

Beytia, respectable lady and Cipion owner, said his steward, at nine o'clock Saturday night and after locking the black slaves in the house, had personally handed over the keys. The priest, the sacristan and two hundred more witnesses swore they saw Risco, at six o'clock on Sunday helping the priest to celebrate the holy sacrifice of the mass.

So it was humanly impossible for eight hours would have made the endowed leagues Risco travel to Porum and twelve back up Cipion. Justice had to dismiss the case, and the won was stolen and apologized for his friend slander. "Good news, mother, who preach a father," as the saying goes. Perico

the keypad is just making fun of the judges' ruling and said laughing:

- What are twenty-four miles to a witch? Ignacio Risco know that riding on a reed broom. To me nobody out of my head that he is the feat. Perico

Keypad was a poor devil, a native of Ica, bravo or consumer great ape juice of the vine. Exercised in the city clerk by Demandadera or Lord of Luren, and when I came to die trance don Doroteo clerk called bucket, and said, "Give you faith that I am not married, but as if it were, because the woman that I have with me forty years and has never claimed her husband. Something I heard about prescription of law, and perhaps say it codes. Item, then you must note that although not an actual living creature every saint I weigh, because I gave alms to the worship of those blessed me I have consumed liquor. " Such was the

Perico testament to the keypad, the only man in Ica who did not believe in the innocence of Risco.

Many years later, Cliff was at the critical moment, and a few minutes before receiving Extreme Unction, and called several neighbors, saying to them that he was the thief of Porum.

distinguished horseman and featuring magnificent horses in Cipion, they had stepped away in distance. Those horses should go hand in hand with the wind for twenty-four leagues in eight hours. Metan

pen and tell me if you though the declaration of a dying young disputes, a quotient is not unlikely.

Diywiring Harness For Power Wheelchair

's best friend ... a dog - Peruvian Traditions - Fourth Series Haughty

I bet, DVD Lima, to which among you have known some old of those who reached the Year of the Comet (1807), which was when I first saw in Lima dogs with rabies, and heard him speak to the delight of the Pearl without a partner.

But I would still be old, but I'm going to be on track very soon, I will tell you not only heard of it, but I was lucky to meet her, and that as a child, give me rosquetes and jams. As it was my neighbor in the Trail of San Francisco!

But then Pearl had no East and no one would say that this old lady wrinkled like dried figs, was in the first decade of this century the most beautiful woman in Lima, and why in my country has always been good harvest opima girls.

Back in the year of 1810 was not a man of taste but armor and trappings fool who missed not a compliment, that she received as one who listens to the rain, it was tripe in the eardrum to hear mellow little words.

I do not contrive to portray, nor necessary. Suffice it to say with his contemporaries that was beautiful, plusquam-beautiful.

Even its name was beautiful. Become you post, named Mary Elizabeth.

Above elbow, had a soul of an angel and a virtue proof of temptations.

enjoyed comfortable middle ground that her husband was not a potentate, not even the title of Castile, but a modest linen merchant.

Of course, the husband was also handsome young man, dressed in the latest fashion, very swanky, very laid back. Envious of the jewel he had for women, finding something to criticize in its grace and elegance, gave it the nickname Gonce Child.
as
The couple was ordered to do. Imagine, reader, a pair of lovebirds infatuation, and if you love good verses paint I recommend that love makes Clemente Althaus on one of his more gallant poetry which bears Title: A letter from the Pearl without a partner.

II

for that year came to Lima a gentleman who was running the world and well supplied with pocket, because he spent a fortune on mixturero only.

After Sunday Mass accustomed to Lima for a walk through the portals of the square, under whose arches were placed some mulatto who sold flowers, mixtures, incense and perfumes, which were destrísimas aindamáis darners of wills.

The Marquis and other young rich and greedy do not bargained to pay a doubloon or a half ounce of gold for one spider monkey, a tulip, a arirumba, a bouquet of carnations disciplined, a pot of mixture or a basket capulies dwarf, persimmons, apples and strawberries with naranjita of Quito in the center.

Hey you speak of these practices to the grandparents. The more modest says, 'Go if I have eaten the mixturero silver! I never did on Sunday with less than a pelucon. The young men of my time comineros were not like today, when real spending a single call or seek the middle back. We we gave up his shirt, almost always without interest and pure lavish, and it was bastábanos with the lady friend of ours that passed through the portal to the house to cast out the window, and he was the branch or the dish, which the damned mixturero knew fix with great delicacy and spending. And then what a young man came home on holiday without the children presented him with the pill or nisperito Brisco with cloves and sprinkle it with water rich handkerchief, and smothered him with a thousand subtleties of the spade ? That itself was glory, not in these times of bitter beer and paper-butter! ".

But, leaving grandparents to rejoice in memories of the past, now come the time for our generation to emulate, cursing and putting this to the skies yesterday, we continue our story.

Among the frequent visitors to the site we found our flyer, which nationality nobody knew about what was fixed. According to some he was Greek, as other Italian, and there were some who believed that the Arabic. Mauro was called

cordata. Traveling without a servant in the company of a beautiful spaniel, which never departed in the street or on visits, and when she went to the theater, bought the entry ticket and seat for your dog, truth be told, was handled during the show as any decent person.

The animal was thus part of or complementary to the gentleman, almost his alter ego, and therefore men and women said very naturally and shocking as anything he says, "There are Cordata and Mauro dog. "

III

happened that one Sunday, after Mass at St. Augustine, passed through the portal without partner Pearl, arm in arm with her lord and master's Child Gonce. Mauro Verla cordata and passion of her furiously, was all one. Shotgun at close range y. .. Relieved! Mauro Echos

languages \u200b\u200bmake friends and most knowledgeable mixturero and Ladino, and pulled it clear that the council lost no time embarking on such a conquest, it was almost impossible to achieve even the elusive smile of Lima. Peak

-esteem of the adventurer, made a bet with his comrades who he would have the fortune to surrender the fortress, and from that moment, without knowing no rest, began to skirmishers.

took three months, and the leading man was so far ahead as the first day. He had not even gotten that Calabaceado in shape for Mary Elizabeth did not set foot outside the house but with her husband, nor his servant would dare, for all the silver of Potosi, take a note or message, nor in People living libertine came from this or the other sex, who was the husband man who lived very alert and careful not to distance economized Moors of the coast. Mauro

cordata, which until then had believed Sultan coop, began to call the devil to his aid. The libertine had staked his entire arsenal of tricks, and always sterile

And his passion grew from minute to minute. What demonche! There was more to give long time, and hope without despair, that some say the song:


"First God made man and then
women;
first made the tower and wind vane
later."

IV

Maria Isabel
I used to go every six months to the collection of barefoot, where at the foot of a confessor's scruples deposited his soul, that she could no shadow of grave sin.

On the morning of September 9, 1810 proceeded in, followed by his slave, to the distant temple.

But the chance or the devil does not sleep, made Cordata Mauro and his dog were also breathing in the morning breeze and walking along the wide avenue of willows that led to the Franciscan Collection. The bold suitor

found this opportunity to stick to the lady of his thoughts, like flea in the ear, and to urge the ends of the passion that brought him sucked the brain. Designed and made

. The man was short on convoluted concepts, but Mary did not move his lips to answer, or even looked at him, and made his words if the murmur of water Bridge Amaya. Mauro Encocorose

be phrased with a statue, and when he saw that she was very little distance to the goal of the convent, stopped her by the arm, telling her: "From here

not pass without giving me a hope for love.

- Back, sir! "She said forcefully detached from the rough young man's fist. Are you insulting an honest woman and never in anyone and anything, fail in their duties.

The darkened despite the brain of the adventurer, and drawing a knife stabbed in the heart Mary.

The unfortunate uttered a cry of anguish, and sank down.

The slave ran away, crying, and almost always solitary (now as then) Alameda was slowly filling with people. Mauro

cordata, just saw him fall to his victim, he knelt to help her, exclaiming in a tone of despair. "What have I done, my God, what have I done! He was dead to the life of my life. "

tore his hair and beard and bit his lips with rage. Meanwhile, the crowd milled about shouting: "The murderer, murderer!", And all run a patrol came by the pious Sponsorship.

Cordata Mauro was lost.

chest pulled a pistol, cocked it and blew the skull. Tableau

!, As the French say.

V

Pearl wound without a partner was not fatal, for, fortunately for her, the gun went off among the whales by Monilla. As mentioned, we met in 1839, when there was no shadow of anything.

half a century, at least, not in Lima gave the scandal a suicide. Calculate the feeling that it would produce. From fixed subject for talk provided one year, for then events did not age like today, at midnight.

So rare was suicidal in Lima, which was time, so to speak. In this century, and until the proclamation of independence, there were only news of two: Mauro Cordata and Don Antonio de Errea, Knight of the Order of Calatrava, Perpetual Regidor of the City Council, Prior's Court Counselor, and treasurer the wealthy congregation O. Errea, who in 1816 exercised a very honorable position of warden of the city, had the script or banner in a solemn procession from the cathedral, when he had the misfortune of flying a rocket or badly released it burst on the head, leaving him sense. Appear to despite the lengthy recovery, the trial was not very sane, because one day in 1819 he climbed the bell tower of La Merced and gave the somersault. Slanderers of that time said ... (I do not say, and let the truth on their site) ... said ... (And we should not get involved in dance me or call me storyteller, gossip and slander) ... So I said that the slanderers said ... (And I repeat do not go and grab someone to bother me) that the cause of that suicide was the Errea trusting his stepson, who was the real factor Philippine company, a large sum belonging to the congregation of O, money than the other did not return in the precise timing.

Church provided that the body of Mauro Cordata not buried in a sacred place, but in the hill of the Branches. Neither

debauchery fellow who squander their wealth the unhappy young man showed signs of grief for his horrible misfortune. And that in life had friends by the dozen.

rectified. Cordata Mauro pit for three days was a loyal guardian did not allow anyone to desecrate it came near, he held firm in his position, without eating or drinking, as the sentinel to comply with the slogan, and finally left on the grave died of starvation.

Since then, and not without reason, the old men of Lima were to say: "The best friend ... a dog. "

How To Ask For Money Only Bridal Shower

Lima - Peruvian Traditions - Fourth Series Ijurra

I

Among the Count of San Javier and House-Laredo, and the fourth daughter of Count de la Dehesa de Velayos existed for the years of 1780's most volcanic loves.

The Dehesa de Velayos, founded or unfounded, he had his reasons not to see a good eye for the fans of San Javier for his daughter Rosa, and this stubbornness father only served to increase fuel to the fire. Useless was to surround the young ladies and props, argos and Cervera, and even closed under lock and key, the lovers found ways to communicate and be a stealth, resulting from this very natural and common among which either want. The accounts clear and chocolate thick ... Doña Rosa had a secret son. Meanwhile

running time as tricycle riding, and was in the San Javier enter the cooling, giving shelter to a new passion, or for convenience and family weighed in his mind, is that in the morning to came out very unpleasant night marrying Manrique marquise-house. Well said cantarcillo:


"Never trust a man
of me first;
and I tell you, girl,
because I love you."


Doña Rosa had the willpower enough to drown in the chest His love and not be given to the treacherous and understood the grievance, and was devouring his tears in the removal of the cloisters of Santa Clara, where the abbess, who was very her friend lay accepted as a pensioner, a corruption in use until shortly after independence. Rarely filled the formula to apply for consent of the bishop or the vicar to the gates of a monastery be opened, giving free entry to young and old decided that limited time away from the world and its temptations.

Something else. In 1611 the Seville donates concediose Jerónima Esquivel solemnly professed in the monastery of the Discalced de Lima, in the form without checking her widowhood. Soon came the husband, who was thought to be dead, and finding that his wife and daughter were barefoot nuns, he decided to get a Franciscan friar, also match followed by his son. This quad monastic eloquently paints the dominance of the Church in those days, and the desire of communities to swell their ranks, ignoring vexatious formalities.

had not even that of San Javier a year of marriage, when it came the death of the marquise. The widow felt reborn in the soul of his old passion for Rosa, and it requested an interview, after some resistance, real or simulated, it is agreed by the noble prisoner. The actor went

the parlor, pleaded regretted his serious lack, and ended up applying for the grant to repair marrying Dona Rosa. She could not forget that she was a mother, and agreed to the demand of the young count, but imposing the condition sine qua non of marriage is verified at the door of the convent, the abbess, serving as godmother.

not put the San Javier repairs, untied the purse strings, and within a week everything was paved with the curia and appointed the day for wedding ceremonies and solemn vigil.

A portable altar stood in goal, the archbishop gave license to stop entering the witnesses and guests of both sexes, people buskin all high, and the chaplain of the nuns, wearing their richest ornaments, the couple threw over the unbreakable loop.

After the ceremony, the husband, who had car full to take his rib, he was made a fright when they heard from the lips of Mrs. Rosa this formal declaration of hostilities

-Sector Count, the happiness of my son I demanded a sacrifice and I have not hesitated to do so. The mother has done his duty. As a woman, God did not want to grant it to forget that he was cruelly mocked. I will not live under the same roof of the man who scorned my love, and not leave this convent, but after her death.

The San Javier wanted to grab the stars with his left hand, and begged and threatened. Doña Rosa remained stubborn. Went

godmother, and her husband, who was made very hard not to take a bite of bread from the wedding, set out its grief, imagining the abbess found in people who advocate strongly in favor. But the sponsor, but a nun was a woman, and as such understood everything that was proud and dignified in the conduct of his goddaughter.

"Well, sir," answered the abbess, while wielding the stick these hands abbey cloister Rose will not leave but when she wants.

The count had to leave eventually evicted. Appealed to all kinds of records and influences for his wife drops, and when convinced of the sterility of its efforts, through peaceful and conciliatory turned to the civil and ecclesiastical courts.

And the lawsuit went on for years and years, and been immortalized if the death of San Javier had not come to put an end.

Dona Rosa's son then took possession of the title and estate of his father, and the proud Lima, free of notaries, solicitors, stamp paper and other enguinfingalfas that brings a lawsuit, quietly ended his days in the time Abascal, without setting foot outside the monastery of Poor Clares.

limeñita What a character!

Eyebrow Threading Ne Calgary Ab

! No need to rush the ass! - Peruvian Traditions - Fourth Series

I

Do you not know who was Ijurra? Well, it's weird! Don Manuel Fuentes

Ijurra was for the year 1790 the richest boy in Peru, as it held in the Cerro de Pasco a silver mine, who for fifteen years he produced 1200 frames per box. This was to cut chisel.

Ijurra was a waxen ugly, ugliness had more than a single Christian meets and falls, embossed with his unkempt in dress. However, he was pompous and spender, provided that their field to give largesse that he spoke. So when in front of witnesses, especially if they were males who dress over her head, calling him a penny of charity, riot Ijurra pocket and gave a few ounces of gold, saying: "Assist, brother, and forgive the small size." By contrast, if a widow or other needed embarrassing happened to him in secret, asking a charity, Ijurra answered: "I do not I feed or idle hussy: work the Bausan, which has good backs, or go to the digger tambo and portals. "

not want to talk about sexual conquests made Ijurra, thanks to its flow, because this issue could take away. As he swiped the girl no less than the ruler Valladares subject to whom I had the displeasure to meet personally, but for which long I have news for today left at the bottom of the inkwell.

Visto is, therefore, that it had seized Ijurra devil vanity and that he was always a dead letter evangelical precept "do not let your left as you give your right." The luxury of your home, car wheels in silver and the splendor of their banquets formed time.

In those times that were not in vogue marble tubs and the plumbing system to bring water to the rooms, wealthy people used to moisturize the skin in wooden vats. The streets of Lima were not channeled like today, but crossed by canals repugnant to the sight and smell. Neighbors to prevent the boards dry out and shed its shell, did put the tubs in the ditch for a couple of hours. For

Mr. Ijurra vain extravagance had to soak in a tub ditch solid silver. Accounts

that one day he sent twenty-five lashes applied to a English employee at the mine. The hit put the outcry and criminal charges filed against Ijurra. The process lasted two years, presenting to the insolent looks bad Creole. He realized that despite his millions in danger of going to jail, and to avoid sought advice from the pillow, which incidentally, is better than the state advisor.

Presentósele the next day the clerk to notify a court order, and after signing the measure, pretending to mistake the saving Ijurra, poured on the process the huge silver bucket that served as a fountain. The clerk, seeing the sudden flood of ink, held his head in his hands, crying:

- Jesus help me! I'm lost!

"Do not be alarmed," interrupted Ijurra-blur that size, I use this sand.

And taking a sack stuffed with gold ounces over the process began, magical resource that was enough to soothe the spirit the cartulary, who do not know how he wrote to the judge. Go

if the poet was right who wrote this quatrain


"The sign of the clerk, says an astrologer
English
the sign of Cancer is
eats it all Christian."


The good news is that the whipping, seeing that he had two years of litigation and it was a matter of starting over again fondled waste paper, agreed to a compromise and keep the plush pelucones change.

"not without foundation," says a friend of mine, that all is metallic, from the grip least heartbeat. "

II

In Still Life Street was an Italian watchmaker, which bore a curious on the counter table clock. It was a clock towers, bells, puppets, singing bird and who knows what other dolls automatic. For those times was a real curiosity, which the owner asked three thousand duret, but the clock there was months and months without finding a buyer.

Bodegones The store was a place of gathering for contemporary dandies bailiff Viceroy Gil y Lemos, several of which said one afternoon the watch:

- Per Bacco! Much of that Peru is rich and lavish the Peruleros, and we Sorrento Santa Madonna! land that is filthy and cominera people. In Europe it would have sold the Travelling clock in a twinkling of an eye, and in Lima, no man who has to buy pants.

Ijurra news came to the sad notion that the Italian had the children of Peru, and without further investigation took cape and hat, and followed by three black men charged with as many bags of a thousand, came into the watch saying very angrily: "Listen

not Fifirriche, and learn parenting stingy for not calling to give him bread to eat. Mine is the clock, and now see very shameful if the Peruvians make money.

Ijurra went out the door of the shop threw the clock to the ground, smashed with the heel of the boot, and the boys who at the time spent stretched out on the shattered fragments.

One of the parishioners of the watch did not have to look good this outburst of vanity, or nationalism, because the miner walked away shouted

- Ijurra! Ijurra! No need to rush the ass! -Words that significant fall that after the fortune could turn his back, as so aimlessly squandered his gifts.

The truth is that these words were to Ijurra as gypsy curse, for a few days later I got horses buster Lima on mine manager with the fatal news that it had been flooded.

How true is that the misfortunes fall together, as the dog with sticks, and that evil enters and exits strokes thumbs!

Ijurra spent the good fortune that was left in to drain the mine, firms that neither he nor his grandchildren, who still live in the Cerro de Pasco, were performed. And this failure and lost heavily in the game so completely ruined it, who died in a cave in the hospital of San Andres.

This is the case with the saying that "World, scene, born in the palace and end in tavern."

Since then stayed for sentence Lima popular saying to people who squander their wealth without taking care of tomorrow:

- Ijurra! No need to rush the ass!

Comic A Horse Is A Horse Farm Lessons

A treasure and a superstition - Peruvian Traditions - Fourth Series

Locumba Cure, at the beginning of this century, was the venerable Dr. Galdo, who was called one day to confess to a dying man. This was an Indian-laden years, more than a hundred years old, and known by the name of Mariano Choquemamani.

After receiving the last rites, the priest said:

-Taita, I will confide a secret, since I have no son to whom to transmit. I am descended from Titu-Atauchi, chief of Moquegua in the days of Atahualpa. When the English seized the Inca he sent an emissary to Titu-Atauchi in order to gather together the gold to pay his ransom. The noble chieftain met lots of golden yew, and at times it was getting ready to lead this treasure at Cajamarca received the news of the execution of Atahualpa. Titu-Atauchi hid the gold in the cave that exists in the high Locumba, he lay down on the coveted metal and committed suicide. His grave is covered with fine sand to a certain height, above Palisade is a pacays and these large numbers of reed mats, stones, mud and gravel. Among the reeds will be a wicker basket and the skeleton of a parrot. This secret was passed me by my father, who had received it from my grandfather. I Taita cure, I am confident that if you were to destroy the church serves Locumba gold and spend it on building a new church. Running

years, Galdo communicated the secret to his successor.

On September 18, 1833 an earthquake shattered the church Locumba. The priest Cueto, who was the new priest, thought when the opportunity to extract the treasure, but had to fight with the resistance of the Indians, who saw such a heinous act of desecration. However, some neighbors asociáronse remarkable and attacked the company, achieving pacay discover clubs, reed mats and the parrot.

Faced with the skeleton of this bird Indians rioted in protest to murder the whites who had the audacity to continue to desecrate the tomb of the cacique. There was no way to appease them and the neighbors had to abandon the effort.

was in 1868 and a new generation that was in Locumba, but that did not become extinct superstition among the Indians.

Colonel Pio Mariano Cornejo, after having been in Lima Minister of War and Navy, had just set in one of his estates Locumba Valley, led new company to dig up the treasure. Trabajose with determination, sacáronse stones, sticks, mats, and finally came to discover the basket. Two or three more days of work, and all felt sure to find, along with the corpse of the chief, the coveted treasure. Extracted

the basket, saw himself containing the skeleton of a vicuña.

Indians launched a hideous scream, throwing axes, picks and hoes and ran in terror. There

including the tradition that would no stone unturned in their homes with sacrilegious hand if any man touched the body of the chief.

The pleas, threats and bribes were, for many days, powerless to overcome the resistance of the Indians. After

It occurred to one of the partners to use a resource that with difficulty resist the Indians: brandy. Just getting drunk could be obtained to take the tools.

Removed the last hurdles the corpse of the chief of Locumba.

"Victory!" Exclaimed the stakeholders. Perhaps there was only a few inches further excavation to be owners of the coveted golden yew.

A steward was launched on the skeleton and wanted to separate.

Just then a sinister underground noise forced everyone to flee in terror. Houses collapsed Locumba, opened cracks in the surface of the earth, springing from her fetid water gushing, men could not stand standing, the animals were running scared and has melted down and collapse again to cover the tomb of the cacique.

had been done the superstitious omen of the Indians, by touching the body, came the destruction and terror.

was five-quarter of the fateful August 13, 1868, the day of harrowing memories for people in Arica and other peoples of the South. Among

Difference Between Sofft Narrow And Medium Width

A business card - Peruvian Traditions - Fourth Series

Sebastian de Aliaga, the Marquis de Celada de la Fuente, and his brother Don Juan Jose de Aliaga, Fuentehermosa Marquis, was there for the years 1815, serious disagreements. The brothers are not only visited, but even to be found in the street dodging the greeting.

was not all this because Aliagas be hated, but to please their spouses, who do not know why female shrimp professed mutual animosity.

The Don Sebastian, which added the title of Count Marquis de Lurigancho, held the hereditary employment of counter real mint. At nine o'clock in the morning, after breakfast, up to the carriage drawn by four mules and were heading to the office, where he remained until one o'clock, at which time the work ended. Again riding in his car, apeábase to the door of a crate Bank, where the circles waiting for him, they were characters of nobility and priests of the bells and we moved there and a half hours of conversation, entertained with a round of backgammon, game of fashion at the time. As soon as the bell of the cathedral choir began to call the canons, dismissed the Count of San Juan de Lurigancho, and always drive back to his home, located on Calle de Palacio.

In 1815 his brother, the Marquis de Fuentehermosa we found the men in a hurry as they say. The fact was that Don Pablo de Avellafuerte, knight long stem, had asked the hand of his daughter Rosa, and Mr. Don Juan José could not decide to grant it without the consent of his brother, Don Sebastian, who was the estate. The issue was most serious that it could stand for a gentleman of the time. Not for the sake of marrying the daughter had in connecting with those who reject his lineage. The

of Fuentehermosa not want to go home by sister avoided the humiliation, he believed, to greet it. Nor did he wish to write to his brother, because the matter was not to treat it by letters. Decidiose thus addressing Don Sebastian on neutral ground, and walked a day exploring the effect of the Portal to the Bank, in wait of time to get into conversation with the Celada de la Fuente.

The moment he was forced end to his round of backgammon, apareciose Don Juan José.

- Health, gentlemen! How are you, brother?

"So, brother and ... something achacosillo" said Don Sebastian.

"Well with the consent of these gentlemen," don Juan Jose, "I come to consult you if, as head of the family are due to opposition to the marriage of your niece Rosa Avellafuerte.

-Man, I thought okay to marry the girl with Don Pablo. He is a gentleman to the right, and I am pleased to enter into the family.

"Well then, brother, there is to it. The peace of God, gentlemen!

of Fuentehermosa gave the hand of the estate, took leave of the guests and left Bank drawer. Don Sebastian

abode pondering the behavior of his brother had a lot of proud, it was not in the street in a strange house, in a public store, finally, where should one look for to speak of these matters of family as blue-blooded people was so sublime importance. After much pondering, decided that of Celada de la Fuente to give you a little lesson in Fuentehermosa, and riding in his car, and ran to his home, which was what was the angle of the streets of San Jose and Santa Apolonia.

"My brother has had to search my house," he murmured, not the drawer Bank. In so doing, has wanted me to understand me I trap for fools. Now I Chanta Cuatro fresh.

Arriving at the house asked his master to famulus Caretaker, and was told that Don Juan José Lijo would not come until morning, then was at Don Pablo Avellafuerte treat.

Aliagas The firstborn of his pocket of his coat a card and wrote on it in pencil:


José Sebastián de Aliaga,
drawer of Ribera,
humble with the meek,
arrogant with pride.


spiritual Such was the card that the Count de Lurigancho left at his brother Cantankerous.

How To Play Spectrobes Origins For Ds

Bridge sinners - Peruvian Traditions - Fourth Series

Before squarely in the tradition of Huaura bridge, the favorite villa of two Republican sanctities with gimped in general (San Martin and Santa Cruz), take the opportunity to devote a few lines to the history of the founding of the Franciscan tenement, now in ruins, but in which faculty held its legislature some sad remembrance. Captain D.

Gonzalo de Heredia and Rengifo, descendant of a conquistador, a bit of their marriage to Catalina Núñez Vela, the unfortunate debt viceroy of that name, was killed overnight in the street Huaura without justice might come to discover the killer . Not having left son who inherited his wretched Don Fernando de Izazaga and Meneses was thought entitled to the estate of the deceased, and filed suit against the widow, but even Catalina Meneses accused of being the murderer of her husband, could not present clear proof, and Don Fernando, who belonged to the family Count of Cifuentes and Princess of Eboli (the famous one-eyed how to retortero brought the gloomy Philip II, making commit follies of lad), was acquitted in all instances.

I was about to plead in favor of Don Fernando inheritance, when one morning, cleaning Catalina pictures that adorned the walls of his room, found at the juncture of a painting representing the Seraphic a bundle of papers, among other of importance, will find a full-fledged, signed by Hall two weeks before his tragic death. The captain would have any inkling of what was to happen, and it came to remembering what never was defeated forewarned.

Heredia, who by her mother Dona Graciana Rengifo was captain of the school up to San Pablo in Lima, leaving the fifth of his fortune to his widow, a good legacy to the Jesuits, and the rest, which exceeded one hundred thousand dollars, tenement factory to San Francisco, with enough income to support the monks and maintenance of worship. Tan

as would a will, there was no Rabbula who dared to put him client paying to sponsor the claim de Meneses, who had to bite the tip of his mustache and swallowing. If he was the murderer, driven by greed of the inheritance of his crime did not draw the benefits they were promised.

early seventeenth century and for the convenience of traveling from Lima to the coast-down, as our grandparents said, referring to the valleys north of the capital of the viceroyalty, was built on lowland river bridge a single arc, which rested on one side on some rocks of the hill Chacaca, which is at the entrance of the village, and the opposite in a huge stone near Peralvillo. To put the town's indoor pirate raids that one of their raids had cut Huaura killing the wealthy neighbor Don Luis de la Carrera, was a cover to the end of the bridge, and she placed two mortars and small-caliber guns.

That should not have to be very solid work of the bridge is proved that the sub-delegation in 1785 Don Luis Martín de Mata, also builder of the Santa River Bridge, undertook to repair it with cash expenditures of farmers in the valley. The deputy brought to fruition his company, but some neighbors at odds with authority, they began to say that the repair was poorly done and that the bridge collapse threatened the best day.

Leading the oppositional side and scary was Don Ignacio Fernández Estrada, influential landowner, who won the Viceroy license to build a new bridge without charge of the royal treasury, but which was given over thirty years the average real right to charge a toll to every person and a real for each mule.

As was natural, all preferred the free passage of the old bridge, and this did not count the concessionaire Fernández Estrada. I do not know how he wrote that this gentleman, but the positive is a Sunday, before beginning the Mass, the priest read a statement to parishioners archbishop, by which his Lordship stated in mortal sin all who chance to venture through the old bridge; as with deliberate will be put in blatant danger of death, or what is the same, was placed in the same condition to the suicide.

If this had been a government mandate of fixed neighbors have all conspired to not trade for the new bridge. But that's engaging, not the fleece, but eternal happiness, and singing was different. "To suffer the pocket and not suffer the soul, or said to parishioners. And

Fernández Estrada began from that day to make broth with maravedises fat that charged for toll collection. Woe

unfortunate that dared to put the plant on the old bridge or bridge excommunicated! Boys they would have stoned for heresy and bad Christian and a Freemason, which by that year the Gazette said that the French Revolution was the exclusive work of evil men who had created a hellish cult, baptized the masonry.

bridge But you were favored with the archiepiscopal blessing!

In 1810, at a time when cavalry back on a mule for an Indian village of Végueta, whim seized the new bridge say, "here say so", and collapsed with a crash. The passenger was entrusted to the Virgen del Carmen, and instead of hitting the river, was found unharmed with his bad on the opposite side.

In memory of the miraculous salvation of India was built in that place a small chapel dedicated to the Virgen del Carmen, and popular devotion which constantly flatters with candles.

The old bridge, or bridge of sinners, is retained without giving a scare to anyone yet, although the municipality must not harbor much confidence in him, as a landowner who in 1872 sought permission for the transit of a machinery that weighed four tons, the value previously demanded foothold of the bridge.

Nonfinal Unauthorized Copy

A gentleman of habit - Peruvian Traditions - Fourth Series

This is true that if I threw out out the origin of many of the nobility scrolls in Peru agreed that the monarchs of Castile to loyal subjects, was to get Square filth of this magnitude would force the reader to neatly cover their noses with a handkerchief.

Chance recently put in my hands the will and papers of a gentleman who died in the early, and they clean bag in the following excerpt about the history of his lordship, who will baptize with the name of Don Juan.

Juanito in his youth was a huge skull. Andalusia came to Lima in search of the mother Galician (read wealth), and away from the aspire to find honest work, he debauchery and live a firecracker sticking to it today and beyond tomorrow.

being celebrated the ninth night of the Virgen del Rosario, very popular with people of tone, and the door of the church of Santo Domingo complained bitterly several beggars making charity contributions of devotees. Among them, the best harvest obtained from quarts and even columnarias was a blind, and that night had reached into the bowl to collect real twenty-seven, which were not a weevil. Suddenly, a guy who went through the door of the temple took away the plate, coins saved himself, and ignoring the protests and cries of the blind, quickly went his way and perished in the dreary streets of Grief.

The thief was the madcap of Juanito.

With twenty-seven actual beggar and ran a gambling house and began to aim. Some hours later he had won thirty ounces, which served to equip decently done gradually relations between the aristocracy argirocracia or silver, which, truth be told, Lima was much given to running wheels see Santa Apolonia. Noble to say, of course with the exception of any rule, was that player, and even the writer managed to find a gentleman of many bells lost in a stop in threes, a home-fifth and ten bags of a thousand with as many slaves. Just think what pompous around those players.

to the ladies of the aristocracy drew up to the plate and threw Jorge of an ear. Just remember what was Chorrillos until 1850. Many farms, so many kittens. There is not only shirtless men, but very pretty daughters of Eve threw paint was wonderful and more confidently that military campaign. Twenty-seven evils

the beggar had with them the blessing of God. They were like a charm for our Don Juan, they managed to fix the wheel of fortune. In less than five years, not only became one of the richest men in Lima, but even he found the habit of a knighthood, I do not remember if Santiago and Alcantara, and the house they built in the street. .. (Almost escapes me!) Was considered one of the best in town.

I have devoted an article to the description of the ceremonial used in Lima for the investiture of the Order of Santiago. I have no data on what was between us and Montesa orders of Calatrava, but not having them taken into Lima chapter, it is clear that within them were in Spain the endowment and not in America.

De Alcantara order only know that the investment was made in the church of Monserrate, whose parents lived Benedictine tenement, or in the chapel of Barranco. The ceremonial oath as follows:

- Do you swear to God and Holy Mary, and this signal the † do you put your hand, and the holy Gospels, which ye shall have well and faithfully fulfilling your duties as a knight of Alcantara? Is this you juraislo well?

"I swear," answered the candidate.

"God leave you to fulfill your soul's salvation and honor your body.

Then you wore the spur, ceñíanle steel, placed on his shoulders the white robe with green cross cantonada, neck colgábanle the scallop, and the Master, the clove or freire of the chapter said

- What promise to?

-stability and firmness. "God will

perseverance.

with the sword and giving a slight bump on his head, he added:

"God our Lord, to the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary his mother, conceived without stain of original sin, and our fathers San Benito and San Bernardo , make you a good knight of Alcantara. Arise.

The new knight kissed the hand to master, clove or freire that he had invested, and was at an end the chapter.

As for the knights of Charles III, was in the palace chapel which was verified from office.

Back to our character.

Distinguiose this gentleman for his charity to the poor, because far from imitating other miserly that on Saturday they bought two or three dollars of cold bread for distribution among the beggars morning invaded the courtyard of the houses range, he distributed weekly among those unhappy the sum of twenty dollars in small change , in addition to the handouts that larger-scale and privately made. Whatever

compliance humility or penance imposed by the confessor, this is one of the clauses of his will established chaplaincy to perpetually might say, I do not remember how many Masses for the soul of blind door Santo Domingo, appearing with semicolons tell the story of the twenty-seven real. Already