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The Liability of the Legal Person

Liability of Legal Person
By: Andrew Chang Guillermo Hernández (*)
I. Introduction. Regularly
often impose liability between individuals, it is precisely those who, by their conduct causing injury to others and in these cases beyond the problems of proximate causation liability, causation or determination of the identification and quantification of damage, the identity of the person responsible is clear or at least pre-established by law and is such that you have when responding to another office for the harm it produces or when responding to the damage of the ward exercise that acts with discernment.
However, this direct determination of the subject caused the damage, not always straightforward, because in case of damage caused by a legal person, the question is who will be responsible if the legal person, as an entity subject to rights and obligations or will direct its members, who are ultimately materialize who perform or conduct on behalf of course is of such entities.
At this point, therefore, worth noting the various theories developed to support the existence of legal persons and thus to determine who shall be liable for damages generators acts of them.
As you know there are two theories that attempt to explain the existence of legal entities: The Theory of the legal fiction and the real personality theory, organizational theory and legal reality.
II. The Theory of Legal fiction .-
As explained by Dr. Enrique Elias Larosa, citing Perez de Ayala, is a legal provision which gives legal effect to certain factual assumptions, ignoring its true nature. The fiction does not alter or hide the real truth but it creates a legal right, different from the reality. Meanwhile
Perick and De Castro, state: the theory of fiction presents a simple and logical the problem of determining the legal nature of corporations. Since only humans are persons, the law has decided that something else is the same: to give companies like the rights of individuals has been established that the former are entitled to be legal.
III. The theory of real personality.
The other theory seeks to explain and substantiate the existence of legal persons, is the real personality theory, organizational theory and legal reality, as has been called either. According to this theory goes right in the world of abstract ideas and therefore not required to support physical counterpart the legal reality of an institution abstract contained in a statute that punishes. An example of this is the right of property where the enjoyment of his domain, the holder can exercise without the need unaq physical possession or control over the thing. About
positions must be loved Larosa Elias tells us "... It is difficult to accept that legal entities are only fictions. If called by the fact they want legal persons compared with individuals, obvious difference and is easily the concept of fiction. But if we analyze its existence, its independence from the partners and their ability to be autonomous subjects, we have concede that the real personality theory or legal reality, is the most solid foundations "
on the aforesaid, it should be noted that the legal person can not develop its activities and express their skills and express their will if not through of natural persons. It is the latter part of the governing bodies of the company and exercise the powers of attorney. Here it is clear that legal persons are not directors or agents of the members but the legal entity
therefore have the legal personality creates the effect of totally independent to its members on issues of public liability and liability and legal representation. In short, the legal personality enter it generates independent company and its partners.
The premise argued before, is used to determine the liability of legal persons answered the partners or society itself, this is one of the big questions that pit the civil liability in legal construction of society.
IV. Recognition as a subject of a legal person. Vanished
legal mirages offered the theory of fiction and eliminated the "confusion organic" Gierke. Cossio-resizing egological the formalist approach Kelsen, revealed that the legal person has no other existence than that which the members who compose it, laying the foundation for three-dimensional approximation of the concept of legal person as an organization of people who are grouped in seeking an end and valuable and complies with the formality of registration, there are two centers of allocating rights and duties: that of the entity and the members that compose it, taken individually.
For Professor John Evans deserves particular attention from this perspective, the ability and responsibility of the legal person. In fact, the same, while central allocation of rights and duties has legal capacity. On the subject is to distinguish that in the case of this particular type of subject of law, there is no logical obstacle of the abstract to prevent this complaint (rights and duties of the corporation), the acts performed by their bodies "is not, or could be, a psychological complaint (...) but a legal complaint"
IV. Responsibility of the legal person and acts that make it responsible.
As such an individual and by law a legal person is an entity subject of rights and obligations and therefore they can charge duties and recognize rights. This has now recognized the right of enjoyment and exercise of legal entities, of course, the latter embodied by individuals, this is for the directors of the entity. Therefore, for purposes of determining when a person is civilly responsible to justice third, in which case the acts of those who represent these collective entities, make it accountable.
The doctrine distinguishes between two major groups, on this point: the first, collected in the German system, which means an overall capacity of the acts of the legal person, ie you are liable for all acts undertaken by it or its representatives made in your name, the second force in the Anglo-Saxon system that informs us of a limited liability. Our country takes the first theory, in which the third party in good faith does not assume the risks of corporate traffic in the market, as well as can be seen from Article 12 of the General Corporation Law.
also worth stressing that the participation of natural persons, as a member of the Law Society, as part of the same organizational structure, ie through organs. Participation or representation which must be distinguished with that exercised by the representatives of minors or interdicts, as those unable to manage their own interest on their own terms of age or health, the legal structure of legal representation for the purpose of his care or protection.
The recognition of the ability to enjoy legal authorities found no major controversies, which essentially creates the time discussion is that local groups can exercise exercise capacity, as this is a basic principle of tort liability.
legal entities although they are subjects of rights and obligations, it is also true that their actions do not make it themselves but that, of course to be abstract entities with legal recognition, must be made through their representatives. It is in these cases where it is important to determine in which cases the conduct of representatives of a legal or binding responsibility to his client.
In this regard we must remember that the allocation of responsibilities such acts against representatives of the entity they represent, is subject to the rules of representation contained in the Civil Code, as in the rules of Articles 12 and 13 of Law 26887, General Corporate Law,
In summary we can say that if the representative is acting within its functions, the legal act directly effects (Art. 160 of the Civil Code). Failure to act within the exercise of its functions, such act shall be ineffective (Art. 161 of CC), unless such act be ratified (Article 162 of CC). These same rules apply to the case of Dependents working in establishments of legal persons open to the public, however, these rules, listed in the strict legal act does not refer specifically to matters relating to the allocation of liability of the person ju4ridica against damage to third parties, as they refer mainly to the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of the actions of the representatives of legal persons.
V. Liability of the legal person designed by the Peruvian Civil Code.
In the event that the Authority, he or the clerk may cause more harm year (or during functions), in civil liability, there are two cases: a.
If the liability is contractual .- implementing Article 1325 of the CC, that is liable to the damaged one legal person, notwithstanding that this direct repeat against the debtor. B.
If tort liability is, applying Article 1981 of the CC is generated (in solidarity) the direct responsibility of the agent and at the same time, responsibility (misnamed "indirect") of the entity (which is direct, but in fact third party).

VI. Oregano Theory against the liability of legal persons.
It has been argued, rightly, that the liability of legal persons reporting the absence of the principle of "personality of responsibility" (Societas delinquere non potest), this principle was not merely the result of understanding the civil liability in most primitive form, ie as an obligation that arises from the damage caused by direct physical action (fraudulent or negligent) of a natural person. Within this conceptual framework, the legal person, is irresponsible and malicious human acts, of which the authors respond direct. At present, the person law "directly responsible for the crimes carried out by individuals who have acted on their behalf and on his behalf. Individuals are 'organs' of the body and on the basis of the organic, all his action served in that capacity is charged directly to the entity "
As previously advanced, conceptually, the body should not be confused with the representation. Some say, following a sector of the Italian doctrine that "the genuine representation involves two areas of law (that of the representative and the represented), so that one is subject to action and a complaint" (16). However, it warns, both efficiency business concluded on behalf of the legal person, as the responsibility of representation of legal persons, there is no difference between body and representaciónll7!, is why it is stated that in the case of legal persons "we with a sui generis phenomenon of representation but not a case of lack of it "(18), reserving the term" organic representation "to exercise the functions of the body, and the" voluntary representation "when the same corporate (through its agencies) gives powers to a third person for any act specified (19).
One must distinguish, within the legally relevant task of the legal person, the physiological time (in which plays a decisive role performance of its agencies) the moment pathological (liability) (2O). Within the latter may have the following factual circumstances:
1) ultra vires the responsibility of the legal person, ie when you perform actions that exceed its purpose.
2) Civil liability in the performance of the functions of the body, representative or employee.
3) Civil liability in excess of the body's functions, representative or employee.
4) The liability on the occasion of the functions of the organ, representative or dependent.
Note that there are different status of managers, ie, organ (person who acts as if the same legal entity), representative (person to whom the legal person has been granted specific powers) and dependent (who is in relationship subordinate to the legal person).










Article 12 .- Scope of representation
The company is bound to those with whom he has hired and third parties in good faith by the actions of their representatives held within the limits of powers to them although such acts given society committed to business or operations are not included within its corporate purpose.
partners or directors, as appropriate, respond to society for the damage it has experienced as a result of resolutions adopted by voting and by virtue of which could have authorized the holding of events that overstep their social order and that the force against co-contractors and third parties in good faith, without prejudice to criminal liability that might be applicable.
The good faith of the other one was harmed by the registration of incorporation.
Article 13 .- Acts which do not require
society Those who are not authorized to act as representatives of society not bound by its acts, although held in her name.
civil or criminal liability for such acts rests exclusively with the authors.


* Professor of the Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista and Private Alas Peruanas University, Post-Graduate in civil liability by the University of Castilla - La Mancha (Toledo - Spain), has been a lawyer at Muñiz, Ramirez, Perez-Taiman & Olaya's lawyer, and former official of the SAT in Ica, Chiclayo, Pisco, Author of the Books "Legal Test" (Lima 2004) and "The Interpretation of Contracts in Peruvian law (Ed. San Marcos 2009), Gaceta collaborator with current Legal and Legal Consultant of the Ministry of Energy and Mines for the Regional Government of Ica.

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Original proceedings (Ricardo Palma)

tradition in which the author flatters vanity calves or as a candidate who goes fishing for votes to put on a deputation to the next congress

Peruvian tradition written by Don Ricardo Palma in 1868. It's about the lawsuit two characters of the old worshipful Lima in the end the king had to intervene to give the corresponding decision. For people who spoke in favor and against the characters, I've seen since the end of tradition. Review the list suddenly know is his name and emblem of his shield.

between the second Marquis of Santiago D. Dionisio Perez Manrique and Villagrán and the first Earl of Sierrabella D. Mesia and Valenzuela Christopher had, by the time of Viceroy Conde de la Monclova, an enmity as hell. The title of the first dating from Philip IV and the second from Carlos the Bewitched, only thirty years away from the nobility of one and other.

War was, so to speak, from house to house, matter of more or less yellowish parchment, and a stoat, or dredger roel more or less in the coat of arms.

But for the leaders of both houses, men gray hair and, for certain that it would have reached the river of blood. For much less broke loose.

One day (which was more by token September 8, 1698) everything enclosed in aristocratic Lima was assembled in the church of St. Augustine to hear the sermon, eulogy, on the occasion of the feast of the Nativity of the Virgin was to give one of the friars of the gab that abounded in the convent, the focus of men of great learning and prodigious eloquence.

After the show, Mr. de Sierrabella got into his carriage, and willing to step to make a visit to the Countess de la Vega del Ren Josefa Zorrilla de la Gándara, gave famulus warrant. As we rounded the corner of Lártiga it was found out of the blue with the carriage the Marquis de Santiago, also in the attitude of the intersection of Lescano twist. Both coachmen stopped

flanges, and Count said to the other

- On the left, black brute!

- Let the right, black pork rinds! "Said the charioteer of the Marquis.
macuitos
And both continued insulting a great time.

Masters lean out of his fly and, recognizing they told their slaves:

-Yield not black, because I'll kill you with whips.

and followed the scandal, and few nobles left the church surrounded the car his fly.

There was the cream ¹ three times crowned the city of kings, including D. Francisco Remírez of Laredo, County of San Javier, who, before proceeding, and if I was not resubmitted naming opportunity, I have a sharpness.

seems Mr. Remírez of Laredo retrechera got a bit to settle accounts with his brothers about wills, and these will have to demand more fear than a tiger, as the Count was a superb geniazo and as no longer used. The Laredo Remírez had a sister, ugly as a curse, always disheveled and dirty, stuttering and stupid on top of misery. This signed a letter or memorial of four sheets, abundant in complaints and recriminations, to the firstborn said to the note which, literally, copied from the original: Madam

and sister: The meanest pig sty broke V. .- Kiss hand, if by chance they have been washed. "The Count of San Javier and House-Laredo.

Back to the issue of cars. Iban

gentlemen, whose names I have noted, and many others that I'm not in mood to mention, one to the other side, proposing to pave the conflict parties, but the case did not support more solder than take one of the opponents to the left, and just in that was the crux.

"I'm not moving," said the Santiago, lounging on the green velvet seat rapacejos gold, taking out his snuff box with a border of bright and slurping with delight one of Macaba Nariga legitimate.

"Here I stand," he said in turn that of Sierrabella, turning a rich mixture into the burner Guamanga with emeralds and rubies.

An hour had already revealed brawl and both determined to send her home for food and even live on the street until the week of the three Wednesday. And they would have gone ahead with its slate if vizcondesito San Donuts, which was young and departure records timely, do not say,

"But, gentlemen, this is stupid, which should terminate. Stay cars as they are, and where the viceroy to let him decide the case. There

mind all the brainy idea; dismounted rivals, and the Sierrabella, with half the group took to the streets of Lártiga for Palace, while that of Santiago, with his friends went to the same point Lescano Street.

was raised in the royal palace as the procession in Lima enclosed noble name. Occur only stopped the paralyzed or those who were with the last rites. It was food for all you courtly calf was at least color in the league. They came

coats of Lima ²

Although I confess humble commoner, I must state, by dint of honest chronicler, that there was no Palma, for if any of this name for that age eat bread in Lima, due be suffering from toothache or pain do stitch in the pigeon bone. In his absence did me a disservice, because it deprived me of knowing my arms to show them off on the notepaper.

The viceroy, who had strong ties with both complainants, was, as they say, between a rock and a hard place. The two defended with equal copy of arguments, what they called their perfect right. The one said in his shield, made tablecloth, there was a ravening lion tongued and silver field, with five taps Vert, on gold and two turreted castles on Azure. The other answered with an eagle sable, crowned Gules, four taps and three towers. One argued that the lion's mane could not go down to the eagle and the other replied that he crossed into the air without a rival, should not be humiliated on the ground. In sum, one could not hear them decide which of the nobility was clean and quartered, because when he needed a tap him on a castle, and leave it one for the other. The Santiago said that a Marquis was more than a count, because the word Marquis in almost every known language (and this is a curious observation of philologists) means caretaker or custodian of borders, boundaries or land marks. Sierrabella The answer to the title of Count eat comes from Latin, meaning companion, and count it all was a companion of the prince and guardian of the person obligated.

do that miss you with the decision of the Viceroy? I give one, two, three, in a thousand. I see that you give up, because not to Solomon, who figured to make two slices of a boy, would have thought that the very Hon. D. Melchor Portocarrero Lasso de la Vega, Count of Monclova.

"Gentlemen," he said, not me I have for quite versed in the science of heraldry, as you know, is the heroic science, the science of science, nor do I believe that in these kingdoms of Peru has optional voting. The point is as intricate as it goes, and I suspect more skill to make gold a stone quarry, that in order to correct sentence in this case. There is no more but happen to her majesty. Meanwhile, return the horses to the stables and stay where they are and cars in the same position until he comes to Spain to solve the problem.

The Count of Monclova was a man of great talent and knew that little corner the human soul which houses the vanity. I mean, so it seems to me, and I apologize if I'm wrong.

interest credited in court and legal representatives were kings of the heraldic arms in the fingertips and spent a fortune in the process 3.

Of course, when, after a couple of years, arrived in Lima the ruling monarch, ruling that the winner celebrated with a feast, there was already a nail or car, for being so long vehicles on public roads and weather, there was no bystander is not authorized to be believed even a wheel.

Now I am quite sure that on the lips of all my readers frolics this question: "Well, Mr. traditionalist! Who won the fight? Does Santiago or the Sierrabella? ". Find out

-Vargas. (And by the way. This Vargas must have been a great sniffer lives of others, as always he's involved in gossip and inquiries).

I know, but if I do not want to say. I have friends on both sides, and I'm not in the mood to alienate anyone to satisfy curiosity impertinent.
So what was said. Find out Vargas.

---

¹ D. Juan de Mendoza and Híjar second Marquis de San Miguel, in which gules shield wore the bars of Aragon and Navarra links; D. Alonso Pérez de los Ríos y Rivero, Vicomte de San Donuts, that title was not Flanders and Castile, D. Luis Ibáñez de Segovia y Peralta, Marquis Corp, which Peralta had shield gules, quartered crosswise with a Golden Griffin, D. Juan de Urdánegui, Marquis de Villafuerte, with his coat cut in gold and silver, bordure gules, D. Nicolás de Rivera Dávalos, Count of Santa Ana de las Torres, which boasted Dávalos shield match, gules and gold Chavez Jose Hurtado, Earl of Carthage, with the five keys of azure, gold field, flag of Chavez, D. Francisco León y Sotomayor, Marquis de Celada de la Fuente, who brought lion gules, Lingua and ravening in silver field, D. Pedro Carrillo de Albornoz, Count of Montemar, with his shield out of cloth, house of gold, in gules and vert band in gold; D. Jerome Velasco and Castañeda, Marquis de Villablanca, whose coat was cut in the first quarter, in silver, six bars of azure, and the second, five pots de sable, on fringe of silver. D. Santa Cruz and Luis Padilla, Conde de Lurigancho, wearing the beautiful motto of Santa Cruz: Shield Tronche, the first quarter in Vert, a castle of gold and silver banners and gules, the second in Azure with silver castle and plain cross gules in the tribute, in lower quarter, also gules, three heads of Moors, and silver fringe of this nickname for the love of the cross tower, D. Francisco Delgadillo and Sotomayor, M. de la Puente, which he held seven stars Delgadillo silver on a blue field, and eight pots of gold sable in bordure, D. Juan Arias de Saavedra, M. de Moscoso, that Arias had a cloth coat with two headquarters, in silver, with the cross level of Montesa in the first and an eagle Sable, outspread in the second, and Saavedra, shield checkered silver or gold squares and gules bordure gules eight gold blades.


Although very little as I can in or heroic science of heraldry, which is complicated and mysterious science, and theology, and that is not learned three pulls, I think is essential to understanding the comic for the uninitiated with heraldry, give a slight explanation of the colors:

GOLD (corresponding to yellow) symbolizes: from gemstones, the topaz, of the planets, the sun of the elements, fire; of days, through Sunday; of months, to July, of the virtues clemency, and among human qualities, the beauty, sovereignty, generosity, love, health, prosperity and perseverance.

SILVER (corresponding to white) symbolizes the pearl, the moon, water, on Monday, the months of January and February. It is the emblem of truth and purity, and between the attributes represents openness, integrity, eloquence, beauty, art and bloodless victory.

Gules (for the color red) symbolizes the ruby, the planet Mars, the fire on Tuesday and the months of March and October. Represents the virtues of charity and feelings of courage, magnanimity, courage, a ruse, honor and victory with blood.

AZUR (corresponding to blue) sapphire symbolizes the planet Venus, the air, on Friday and April and September. Represents a virtue to justice, and is the emblem of perseverance, loyalty and surveillance.

SABLE (is black) symbolizes the diamond, Saturn, to Earth on Saturday and the month of December. A hallmark of prudence, expressing honesty, science, pain, obedience, silence and secrecy.

vert (corresponding to green) represents the emerald, the planet Mercury, on Wednesday and May. As a virtue, a symbol of hope. Represents honor, friendship, courtesy, wealth, possession and respect.

VIOLATED (corresponds to purple) represents the amethyst, the planet Jupiter, Thursday and November. It is an emblem of temperance and devotion, and represents the wealth and dignity authoritarian. This color has been used in very few coats of arms, heraldry and many do not consider. English heraldry and others bring the orange instead of VIOLATED.

The shield is split, cut, cut off or tablecloth, quartered crosswise and quartered in sautor.
With heraldic books have been published could fill a large library. Moreover, the reader will not advise you to lose your time devoted to science seriously study fashion past and today offers no practical use. Back

² The Aliaga, with his coat of silver and a gorse bush flowers in the middle of two bears; the La-Bridge with the castle of three towers on a gold, three-arched bridge defended by two lions gules and legend For I will pass the bridge death, the party with his shield Prieto, the first lion azure with gold, and the second gold eagle gules; the Silva with his lion gules crowned and silver tongued field; the imperial eagle Aguilar with his saber in a gold field, the Aldana with her three crowns gold and silver sword in a green field, the Red with its five stars on a blue background with gold, the Varela with his shield cut Gules, six bars at the top vert, four golden lilies on lower, and gold chain with a padlock, the Vera with his eagle crowned in silver field, and the motto Veritas vincit ; the Pando with his silver sword gules, with a gold leaf on top and six rolls on each side, the Villamil with black cross in field gold, and the slogan Avante with the cross before , the Diaz with gold bugle blue field, the owl Oliva with its field of silver, the Gonzalez with its castle gules gold, the Carver with his band saber gold field, the two wolves Cardenas interns in gold: the eagle Novoa with gold, silver castle and lion gules; the Pereira with his coat cut short, red cross in silver, and the machines to Portugal in Azure, the Escalante with silver lion Field mote gules and Osar die giving life , the Alvarez with his wolf at the bottom of a trunk, the Elizalde (the word means in Basque near the church) with its ravening lion in gules and azure three bands of gold ; of Fonseca with five gold stars gules, the Gaviria (I mean it's night now) with his hawk carrying a rooster claw; the Idiáquez with silver bull at the foot of a tree, the Salazar his thirteen gold stars Gules, weapons given by D. Alfonso XI to Lope de Salazar as a reward for having died in defiance of a Moorish giant Marlota wearing gold colored with figs, the Ramirez with his lion tongued grimpante to an oak bar and two gules dredger in vert, the Salinas with a castle silver gold and gules two lions, the Carranza with his wolf sable and silver castle on a green field, the Romans with his baton gules and four azure irises in gold field, the Ibarrola with three bands of ghouls in a gold field and the Hail Mary nickname, the coat checker Goyeneche with fifteen squares of silver and fifteen gules, the Zavala (in Basque word meaning wide) with three strips of gold threaded gules Azure, the Rock with its golden beach and azure field, the Osma with his lion gules crowned in silver, two crossed swords and a lily on gules; the Aramburú (which means head of plum in Basque) with its castle azure gules and lozenges of gold and silver, the bloodied head Roncal King Abderame in Azure, the Iriarte (which in Basque means to the city) with quartered shield with cross bars Aragon, Navarra chains, tree and wolf intern, the Oquendo with two dragon heads, tower, crown royal and OQ figure, all in gold on azure and gules, the Aparicio with his gold star, castle gules , cross of Calatrava and Red Lion, the Quinones and his fifteen squares, eight silver and seven gules; the Tudela with its two towers vert and azure six bands of gold: the Girl with his greyhound tied to a tree and two dredger on red band on a blue field; Gándara with the nymph with sword and shield to the door of a castle; the Quiroga with gold eagle azure Caviedes with the silver castle vert; the Recalde with its six golden apples in Azure, the Cave with two silver bells gules; the checkered Bermúdez with gold and sable, the Arrese with quartered shield with castle, tree, bear, wolves, moon and stars, the Coloma with their two white herons field gold: the Morote with three gold stars, swords, tower, mountain, river and swan the two wolves Osorio Lingua gold field, the shepherd with his tower gules surmounted by a silver eagle with the Dominguez the gold star of six points in Azure, the Figueroa with his five gold fig leaves, the Martinez with his pigeon on a tree and the Portuguese machines, the Riquelme with his helmet of silver in a red field, the Unzueta with three gold lions on the legend All magnanimous in bordure gules; the Zúñiga and his band of sable in silver with chain border Navarre, the Esparza with its golden sun pierced by an arrow gules, the Molina with his treadmill in a blue field, the Viana with its gold eagle sable; the Mollinedo with sixteen small crosses gules in a field of gold, the Oviedo with two eagles in azure, holding a golden cup and above the cross of Oviedo, the Sanz with bars of Aragon in gold and a half flight gules, the Lopez with gold star, rider on a white horse, lion gules and silver castle, the legend Cevallos with Tricks of knights, Zeballos to vencellos ; the walls with his laurel, and wild boar castle silver chains ; the Jiménez with quartered shield, two gold and two gules, azure with three strips of the first and three other silver swords, the Bada with Calatrava cross on gold: the Soria with his rod turned into form of N, dredger and four gold stars in Azure, the Squire with his silver sword whose blade is read Sine dolo ; the Rebolledo with three tree trunks on gold: the Warrior with his band of gold, Vert dredger in gules, and nickname in letters of gold of Garcilaso de la Vega: Ave Maria gratia plena , the live with her cluster of evergreens in the field of silver, the Zorrilla with oak vert, two wolves, red interns field silver and legend has to live in such a way that is life in death ; the Deck with the bloody hammer in Azure, the Benites with two wolves sable, Lingua and empinantes to a tree in field gold: the Villalva with silver tower in Azure, the barrully Sosa with silver and gules, the Tovar and his band of gold on azure pompous two dredger, the Benavente with five lions in silver equipolados four castles gules ; the Garcia with his legend De Garcia Up one say , Andrade and his band of gold on two cocks vert pompous, and corners with five bezantes vert field in sautor on gold: the Romero with three gold batons gules; the Arteaga (voice in Basque means oak branch) with two boilers and gold checkered band of sable and vert gold dredger, the Acuña with her nine spots of azure on gold and five silver bezantes sautor; the Teran with two stars gules between bars of azure and gold, the Oliver vert olive with gold, the Arzola with three anchors in azure and vert gold on tower, the Nursery with its five wards and crowned lion on a bridge with the Valdivia two snakes coiled legend and feared death less gives more life, the Palace, whose arms are two girls dancing with two young men in a green field, the Lucio with his big gold star on Azure, the Pimentel with his five silver shells in vert; the Gayangos with five swords with silver and gold vert; the Saravia with three strips of gold and azure wavy, the Rivas with floral gold cross gules, the Mendiola with tree vert and two interns wolves gold; the Bolaños with his lamb gobbling a bun on vert; the Basurto with five gold panel on gules, the shield Velarde party in which cloth is a snake and a gentleman who goes through with his spear, a maiden presence the stage and the silver border This is the motto that Velarde Tiller killed and the princess married ; the Pancorbo with five ermine sable in sautor on silver field, the Ovalle with three bars azure and three swords into gold: the Iraola with its thirteen hearts or panels of silver and gules lion on a gold, the Freire with his band of ghouls with gold dredger on vert, the Villacorta with new gold roundels on Azure, the Bejarano with its five golden serpent heads on silver, the Moya with gules scale gold and silver and azure see you, the camera with a heart pierced by an arrow of gold: the Urrutia (which in Basque means far) with plain cross vert and gules five panels in sautor; the Chaparro with silver castle on an oak on gules and gold: the War, in which gold shield had a flag with this motto in silver A war! ; the Burguillos with a golden arrow on gules; the Palomeque with his pigeons in azure and gules bordure, the Arriola green panel with three bars of red, the Menendez with its eight pink and azure three bands of silver, the Navarrete vert your bell silver field, the neighborhoods with their two dogs and two castles tiger on vert gold, the Polo, with its seven stars gules on gold and currency In motu lumine; the Zárate with five panels in sautor gules and an eagle in a gold field, the Ron, whose crest was a soldier blowing a trumpet at the door of a castle with the mulberry Mora Vert, on silver, the Chamorro with two greyhounds tied to a tree on gold: the Prada with firebrands in their five gules; the Oyarzabal (which means in Basque wide bed) with a tree empinante boar on gold: the Corvacho with his sword with silver leaf gules wearing in this motto: A value and loyalty ; the Barrenechea (which in Basque means in house) with its castle silver and gules two lions in grimpantes; the Feliú with Calatrava cross in gold: the Alcocer with three bands of azure on gold, the Sanchez with two pots of gold and white flag tower in the tribute, the Colman with his shield tablecloth nine roundels vert gold, four silver sable bands and five gold lilies, the Cobián with his bunch of nettles and five gold lilies, the Irigoyen (in Basque city above) with his Apostle John in silver and gold on three towers gules; the Medina del Campo with its thirteen silver roundels azure field and the nickname The Pope benefit or office King, the Egúsquiza (voice which means under the sun) with its wolf intern and four bars gules, the Retes with Portugal on silver cross and the legend Forever and ever, the Davilas with six gold bezantes on Azure, the Rios two bands of azure wavy on gold and five snake heads bordure argent, the chess Villar with ten pictures and ten silver vert, the chess Ariza with ten boxes of gold and ten silver with the legend Aguirre Wander everything and every man of honor ; the Echenique (a word in Basque means I have no house) with his shield and sword silver checkerboard; the Mujica (Basque peach) with a bear on silver sable, the castle Vivanco Gold Azure and currency weapons are up , Sandoval and his band the vert on gold: the Cueto with ten gold lilies on a blue field, the Boat tower azure and silver on legend die for the faith , the haughty Barrantes with taps on gules, the very historians Castelbravo your shield, which is a gunner at the mouth of a cannon, and this motto: If I die in the flame, I will live in fame ; the Cisneros with checkered gules and gold and two silver swans crown to the neck and the Vidaurre with a blue stripe on gold: the Vergara with its legend By my works, the Núñez with five lilies on gold; the Orellana with ten roundels azure on silver, the clay with gold panther on some rocks, the Rye with five bunches of spikes on vert, the Tejada with his golden castle with her white flag and a cross gules on vert; the Mansfield with its coat of four quarters, wearing a chief's main chain around his neck, the Menacho with his golden cup on ghouls and mote We carry because we won, the Rubio with his tree on which there is a crown ; the Rotalde with his shield and sword silver Verado, the dwindling Ferreira with six silver on Azure, the Ibanez with a silver bow on Azure, the three blades Padilla oven on Azure, the three wolves Jimeno sautor on silver, the currency Garcés with Believe it, that child is, the Odriozola with towers of silver on vert and two trees on silver, the thirteen Sarmiento with gold roundels gules, the Gomez with three strips of sable on silver, the lion Agüero with carrying a flag, the Vazquez with six roundels azure on gold: the waning Alfaro with silver on Azure, the Ugarte with a boar on gold: the six lunel Somonte gules on gold; tap the ravening Anduaga with gules; the Ruiz with his golden oak acorns, the Fajardo with three leaves on nettle of seven gold: the eighty Valladares checkered gold and gules, the Valenzuela with his lion sable crowned on silver cross of Villegas with his saber over silver and eight boilers, the chain Meneses with azure on gold band, the Muñoz with Calatrava cross on gold: the Segura with its four trivet in the sails of a cross gules on gold; M Bahamonde with the gold crown on Azure, the Herrera with his pot of gold on gules, the Godoy with eight squares of azure and eight gold, the goat Cabrera with a ranger on silver, the Roland with his horn sable and fourteen silver on silver stars bordure azure Arrieta with the wide band of gold on gules, the Beltran with his shield quartered in vert with spread eagle, silver stars, wild boar and spears, the Camacho with his band and bars gules on gold: the Gil with his three gold escutcheons azure embroidered green field, the Carrion with his shield cut which is a golden lion and a blue helmet, the Galdeano with checkered crescent gold, silver and sable on gules, the Lazarte with three silver lions on vert interns and three lawns on gold: the Sosa with six lizards on gold: the Loyola with his tangled quartered shield as shown in the pictures of San Ignacio, y. .. enough for God, that fatigue would continue listing names of the noble people of my land or the story of the goats Sancho. At least a hundred more left at the bottom of the inkwell. Take comfort in knowing anyone who has not been mentioned in this pantorrillesca nomenclature, and if there is one who believes that it has omitted malice or envy, claim with confidence and will appear in another issue. Back

3 Person, because as I dig antiques, I argued that was the Marquis de Tabalosos, not with that of Santiago, this issue. To test the mistake incurred, suffice it to say that it was in 1765 when Charles III appointed the Marquis of Tabalosos Lieutenant General of his royal armies D. Eugenio Fernandez and Perales Alvarado, a native of Lima. There was, therefore, such marquis times Viceroy Conde de la Monclova. "The reader who wants to know what were the titles of Castile created in Peru until the reign of Charles IV can consult the book Spears and medium- anatas of Peru, by the judge Rezabal, the statistics of Cordova and Urrutia, Volume XI Odriozola documents and several articles of Mendiburu. Back

Lack Of Oxygyn In Limbs

The Nazarene (Ricardo Palma)

How the lamb skin the wolf dressed

Peruvian Tradition written by Don Ricardo Palma in 1859. Don Diego de Arellano, a English captain was brave, fearless and wicked. He mocked the weakness and poverty of the people. At the same time, there was a man of the Brotherhood of the Nazarene that was contrary to D. Diego and called himself the Nazarene. Nobody knew who he was because he was hiding under the robe and hood of the brothers. In the end, discovers who is the Nazarene.

I

On March 30, 1763 dropped anchor in the harbor of Callao the vessel San Damiano, carrier sheets of the crown to the Hon. D. Manuel de Amat y Juniet, Knight of the Order of St John and viceroy of Peru. By then it was an event of great significance for the inhabitants of Lima, the arrival of a ship overseas, and news that he was a driver for a long time provided the expenditure of the gatherings, talking and bulging to the point, which will soon not know who put them in circulation.

Among the passengers of the San Damiano musketeers came Capt. D. Diego Arellano, who was appointed by His Majesty to take over the command of a company. Was D. Diego Gentile boy good looks, happy as a lark, talkative as a romance of Quevedo and wealthy as a usurer Hogan. He made his debut in Italy, making aside from the reputation for bravery, he was far, the rank of captain, who believed in no small. It also brought to America's claim of a fat inheritance, legacy of his uncle, a miner in Upper Peru, a legacy that no difficulty was given to his nephew, because he would not take the trouble to examine the accounts presented to him. Thus, at the expense of the generous heir and the guy who spent hours in poor a better life, made a killing these hungry leeches that the Dictionary of the language called executors. This was offered, then, light, straight and smooth as a railroad.

Just to add that Arellano was in Lima a superb host. His fame gave military events in the army, his employment and distinction they opened the doors to swanky layers; his gallantry he caught the interest of the ladies, and his friends assured him wealth, because, then as now, everything is ascertained that there is nothing nicer than the sound of gold.

But suddenly, the strangest rumors began to run on the master, and although them had a lot of truth, grant that something would be the result of slander and envy. D. The same behavior Diego gave fuel to the gossip, because every night the splendid rooms of his house were the scene of the most outrageous orgies. Stopped visiting the company of good taste that even then often, and gave sluts desperately to try and unsavory.

A balladeers of three to the fourth, whose poetry enjoyed a great vogue, having no spark or originality satirical poet Juan de Caviedes Lima, wrote a jácaras against the master, which he called

" sustaining complaints, Cuba wine street, occupied unceasingly in breaking maidens. "

And running hand in hand the damned rhymes, and snatching one another, that human is to seek what tends to defamation, wine day they arrived at D. Diego, who trails stakes are writing two of his servants, ordered them download them on the backs of the unfortunate son of Apollo, a warning to poets shameful and shameless. The pauper was like a gypsy pony "with tanned skin and not a healthy bone."

defend not so much as licked coplera aversion to the captain, engaged several young wealthy trial against him, but as not enough to prove that the servants of D. Diego had been the instruments of the beating, which was eventually lost the suit with costs, and also with the obligation to satisfy the complainant. Of course that Arellano was not satisfied with their enemies the peccavi sing, and told them very plainly that the time had arrived to speak irons. Therefore had three challenges, and three of his opponents took so many injuries to four, with others, obeying the eloquence which contains a logical argument Toledo, declared that left the captain in his reputation and fame. Land is made on the business, which ended up as the Good Friday Mass, and he spoke no more of the songs.

both the captain was still in his licentious way of life, and we did that, being a Sunday on the porch with several comrades of vice, he passed a lady noted for her beauty and modesty. D. Hearing Diego the other young men spoke of her with respect, he was crushed and bet that within a month would be the owner of this treasure of virtues. From this day was dedicated to give to the lady and, in the merit of brevity, we will say only that one night, after having invited his friends for an orgy, led to his bedroom, which was a woman.

- fools who believe in the virtue! - He said -. That woman was today belong to me. Well, I do not like prudes And I give to you want to take it.

For those skulls were corrupt that they could not repress a gesture of horror and left the room.

few hours later was in Lima a scandal. The disgrace of a beautiful woman is a victory for those who envy her beauty. The hapless, after searching avenging his brother, who was killed in a duel by D. Diego, he had to hide her tears and shame through the bars of a cloister. The

discredit this and other equally outrageous adventures fell upon Arellano, not only germinate between wealthy people. Its bad reputation was popularized to the point that no one dared to come begging at the door of his house because, well fought, had crippled the certainty of leaving. Never handed the captain a generous hand to misfortune, and talk about charitable acts was excited to practice his hilarity, triggered in epigrams against hustlers and bums. Only had it bad deeds, and is famous for his wine was always stormy.

With the crowd of nasty stories that our captain was the hero, aroused the suspicions of the Holy Office. We do not know how he wrote the Court of the Faith terrible fact is that it conformed to admonish and encourage you to hear Mass, devotional practice which was never seen coming. This was

D. Diego de Arellano, one of the men in the capital of the viceroyalty was educated by his eccentricities and scandals, subject to the corridors of the unemployed. And note that we call it the sole supplier of the popular review, because there was another character who was called the Nazarene , mysterious being who, unlike the master, representing the earth's Providence the suffering.

II

time there was an association in Lima of devotees known as the Brotherhood of the Nazarene . They met on Friday night in a cell in the Convent of Mercy, "which led to the chapel which still exists next to the temple to celebrate the religious distribution of the fall of the Lord, which finished esparcíanse the city, collecting and giving alms.

those nights the brothers wore a long purple tunic, girdled by a hemp rope, a hood over his head the same color. They enjoyed great prestige among the people, because, after all, he was the one who took advantage of the charitable brotherhood.

The estimate made by the Nazarenes far greater from that in 1763 it joined a distinguished man of the continent, who lowers her veil her face in attending the sessions, which was hidden from others to wear the robes of the order, anyone who heard take part in debates. Everything was presumed to be notable the quiet and mysterious Nazarene.

A trader highly esteemed for his probity, was found a day due to bad speculation in complete bankruptcy. His rivals, as always, began to murmur about his honesty, and despair, the good man locked himself in his room, prepared a poison, and resolved to commit suicide, began to sort documents justify their conduct commercial. And this operation ended when he appeared a Nazarene, and although it has not reached us the conversation that means, suffice it to say that few hours later the trader satisfy his creditors and that in a short time restored his fortune and his home loan . Two years later he wanted to return to Nazareth the hefty sum to lend him, but his incognito savior ordered to found a school for children and the rest is divided among the needy. In

nunneries were many young people, eager to take the veil, could not check for lack of dowry prevented by the monastic constitutions. One day Nazareth went undercover to superiors or abbess, putting their hands on the money needed to be admitted that the new wives of the Lord.

Anyone suffering awaited Friday night. The Nazarene was never seemed to multiply and waited in vain. Was always a relief to the misery, a consolation for the pain.

But this man, who was the protector of the orphan and the hope of the poor, why would lock himself in so deep mystery? Nobody ever got to see her face as well but are not practiced, the people who are superstitious to what is unusual and that was good action throughout the footprint Nazareth, hit revere as a saint and even in attributing miracles.

But before leaving the Nazarene, referring plácenos an adventure, that among the many fables about him and that we are in the pipeline, it seemed worth seeing the light. Also meets our goal to leave for a moment the pen of the chronicler, to copy of that book called the company one of the most intimate tables.

Episode III of the story of a libertine

Never before that night, my eyes had seen a beautiful woman. In its youth front had a something of a vague and mysterious melancholy, and through its long black lashes guessed a tear.

How I Met? Mancebo

entrepreneur and skull had encountered when crossing a street, and although her mantle would not let me see his face, I sensed that I was young and beautiful. I gave him some trivial pleasantries, after obstinate silence, denied dignity. I became infatuated to walk her home, without his strength was enough to force me to abandon my purpose.

By throwing the cloak that hid her face, stood motionless and rapt as a treasury of beauty and perfection. That girl was in his being something of seraphic, because its magnificent beauty did not speak to the senses.

When, after the first impression, I examined the room where I was, I saw it was a small room with door to the street from the Recoleta. The most dreadful misery reigned around him.

My fascination was then changed in respect for this creature so young and so sublimely beautiful that, amid the corruption that pervades humanity, was able to withstand extreme poverty. Their poverty revealed I was a flower growing on the edge. And yet, if she wanted would have changed its position in the luxury and opulence, putting other hapless auction its charms. Above ground old cynics abound, to squander the gold to buy the touch of those angels stained with the mire of prostitution.

She opened a second door and enter another room was poorly lit by a lamp placed before the statue of Mary. At the extremes were discovered twin table. In one a woman was lying and the other an old man, who shouted as we entered anguished voice:

- Rosa ... I have hungry!

The poor girl caressed and handed them a bowl of food. The elderly ate the food, until sated, again groaning exclaiming

- Rosa ... I have thirst!

After you have made her drink, she knelt in the middle of two beds, distributing her care and sympathy among the two unfortunates, while I, silent stupor, eyes off this painful picture.

few moments later fell asleep and Rosa motioned me to follow her to the next room. And stammered a question, when she, anticipating my thinking, he said choking back a sob

"They're my parents ... and they are mad because of me. And the crying

abundantly bathed her cheeks. I understood and respected the pain no name for a long time remained silent.

At last he decided to tell his story, which was easily overrun.

only child of parents who enjoyed a decent mediocrity, was seduced and then abandoned by a libertine. Given the publicity of his disgrace and without any means to repair, because the infamous had fled Lima, Rosa's parents lost their reason, without the sacrifices and labors of her, that from that day was devoted to caring for them, were sufficient to restore the divine spark that distinguishes the sound of the brute. Misery, on the other hand, a bad doctor, and Rosa did not dare send them to the hospital's crazy, because he understood the barbarous treatment there given to the sick. She

silent, and I, deeply moved, I left with religious respect for that angel, full of devotion and love, had been placed by God to watch over the last days of two elders.

Magdalena Christ forgave she loved much, there would be sympathetic to this woman, so severe that the offense was serving atonement have felt a heart beating inside his chest, had obeyed the law of all beings called love .

IV

Who was the Nazareth episode just outlined?

only know that the next night, dressed in penitential habit, appeared in the humble room of Rosa and, by dint of care and for expensive care, gradually got back to the old reason and calm to the unfortunate young man.

But gratitude is almost always bustling, the daughter was released as the Nazarene, despite the commitment that he showed for the mystery went round his good deed.

V was the last afternoon of 1 September 1767. The bell of St. Paul had just given a solemn call to prayer, when the Nazarene entered the goal of the convent of the Jesuits and went to the cell of Superior. Received by him, handed him a sheet closed. The Jesuit looked closely at the label, and without opening the envelope, as if for any brand of wax content would have guessed, turned to the wearer and said

"Thank you, brother. Loyola's children will never forget all the good we do.

that day was anchored in Callao, a warship from Spain. The commander immediately went to Lima and delivered to the viceroy Amat was communications driver.

At the same moment the Nazarene gave the Jesuits the superior of the statement that we have already spoken.

Viceroy withdrew into his cabinet to read the correspondence. At eleven o'clock that night he returned the theater, called the Royal Court and strongly affected, put on his knowledge that he would proceed with the expulsion of the Jesuits. The viceroy issued some orders, and both the judges and the individuals who came to answer on the implementation of the measures that had ordered arrest imposed excellence in a palace hall. The object was that it was not known to order real parents until the time came the surprise.

ascertained

But thing is, "says a contemporary writer, that the same ship communications that led to the viceroy, brought in private instructions from the Superior of the Jesuits in Madrid. Is involved mystery in the means used to communicate instructions to the Lima Senior, and for the same ship, and having no ground on that day walked more person that the commander, who knew the contents of real communication.

was striking twelve o'clock when a mayor and court house, followed by scribes, hooks and other fine family cohort that deals with justice, played in goal for St. Paul to meet the requirement of the minister of Charles III , which in one day were expelled from the dreaded Indian disciples of Loyola.

The monk received the delegation as he hoped the visit.

And it was true. The Superior had gathered from eight in the evening to the other parents brought him to five or six who were absent from the convent, and I realized the statement he received from the Nazarene. When you get the commission of the viceroy, all brothers, without missing one, sat in the spacious lounge monumental refectory with his breviary in his hand and a small bundle of clothes at the feet.

The Count of Aranda's instructions prevented the viceroy that the community would meet the bell, to keep parents in the chapter house and the Superior sent for the absent. The Commissioners had nothing to do in such matters. This shows that the Lima Superior also had sent the order, in Madrid, a copy of the prejudices of the minister.

The royal order dated in the Pardo to 5 April of that year was fulfilled in all its parts. At one o'clock in the morning left the Jesuits to Callao, and the five put the plant on the deck of a warship San Jose Peruano, the afternoon was out of sight on the horizon, leading to that one hundred ninety-nine years had exercised great control in the viceroyalty.

Jesuits says Scribener-were able to take revenge for the treachery practiced with them, mocking the greed. It is thus believed that there are great riches buried in San Pedro, and we have seen in our day society, with government permission, was busy digging to find treasure that had saved and put the temple at risk of collapse over the faithful.

fame is also the Superior of the missions of Paraguay, who was that day to forty miles from Salta, a reduction of Indians called Miraflores, took notice of the coup that the Company would receive four hours before the designated , and that the royal mandate intimársele replied, smiling:

"Take the keys and see that we got a treasure in the breviary.

Much has been repeated that the expulsion of the Jesuits was a surprise for them. Some historical documents we have consulted, and details on how they fulfilled the royal decree in Lima, we are proving otherwise.

That order, so tenaciously fought, back in the nineteenth century to claim the domain of human consciousness. Corpse as the mythological phoenix rising from the ashes, comes with powerful new weapons to fight. The battle is engaged. God help the good guys! VI

One morning in November 1774, opening the doors of the church of La Merced, their vessels were invaded by a huge crowd.

In the center of the church, dimly lit, and on a modest coffin, stood a casket surrounded by torches are essential.

Undoubtedly there was to be held a service for the dead, and the less informed might know, poverty ornaments and lights, it was not a funeral as those devoted to human vanity moguls. Nor was thinking that the dead person was dear to the people for their virtues or respected for their talent, because to be, any sign of pain on the faces would have noticed.

On the contrary, it seems that the crowd was uninvited to a party, and if the observer approached groups only hear curses, increasing scale, to the memory of the deceased.

"It's a scandal to bury the dog excommunicated in a holy place," muttered an old woman, crossing herself with the end of the strap hanging from his habit of Bl.

you

-Calle, a lay midwife, "added the convent, puffy-faced young man with a seamed over the Jerne and a few less teeth. I bet a string of fifteen mysteries to his master the devil has stolen from the box and the body of this heretic.

faith-I certify that the captain is happy and fried in hell declared, with great composure of the people of his office, a notary of the Royal Court, sipping paths between words Nariga the wren.

But these murmurs were not widespread enough yet justify the reason that appealed to the temple to the crowd, and so that the reader does not wind the brain for successful, we will tell you briefly that, their health ruined by the excesses of whimsical life , and his fortune, thought to be inexhaustible, the world had passed from the truth, Captain D. Diego de Arellano, having in his will to sell the wretched and worn furnishings of the house, dividing the amount among the poor on the day of burial. So I live had not charity, it was useful in death to beggars. Item

Moreover, the said captain ordered that, upon completion of the funeral function and before his body taken to the vault, the officiating priest read, clear and sonorous voice, a statement that closed and sealed, was this morning on the coffin , and no one dared to touch, afraid to dismiss some infernal warmth.

It has been explained, then, that the influx of people was not limited to receive alms, at my funeral to which even the mourners (women whose job it was to mourn for those who had known both as the whale of Jonah) refused to work, but out of curiosity to know the contents of the statement. The funeral ceremony

had finished and was approaching the time so eagerly expected. A glacial silence in the church when the priest took hold of the envelope and broke the seal. On paper there were only two lines written.

But just reading them gave the minister of Jesus Christ, when people all as driven by a spring, fell to his knees.

Leaving the temple, more than a few tears had not yet been wiped away and the pain was painted on every countenance.

Those tears, grateful hearts daughters, had come to the throne of the Almighty, as an offering for cleansing the soul of one who, from his deathbed, he said in the statement read by the priest:

PRAY FOR ME!
I HAVE BEEN THE NAZARENE.

Lewis Dot Structure For Clf2^-

Women and tigre (Ricardo Palma)

Peruvian tradition written by Don Ricardo Palma in 1860. What is the suffering of a woman betrayed, angry, desperate. Far can you get your revenge. can reach as much as he did Mrs. ***

is always nice to raise our thoughts to the days of childhood, the age of rosy illusions, where free of anxiety about Tomorrow, we believe that the world extends beyond our toys space and covering our eyes. Blessed are times when we imagine the whole mountain oregano, and where no one has whispered in our ears even that friendship is a farm and love an article of commerce!

yesterday went about my memory album, and stopped suddenly at the memory of a girl, companion of my childhood, muddled and mischievous if any. When glasses hid his grandmother, lit a firecracker to a cat's tail or did some other picardihuela, used to apply a good old pair of stripes, exclaiming:

"This girl is the very foot of Judas. It's worse than that lady ***.

Me, I can say that both the old stressed about it from the evil of Madame de ***, I took by the above one more mortally afraid that the coconut. Walking, walking, figuring out how much old manuscript fell on my own, do not let a witch who lives in Lima penitentiary whose cunning Inquisition were not known me, and when you least expect it, tasting it I found that one of the books of the Cabildo and the statistics from real data exist on my lady's ***. Not that odd! Well I have to write this story, if only to prove that by crafty and cunning and roguish it to become, with time and water, the poor girl who promised so disastrous as the grandmother, and much later strive to give the devil the flesh to offer to God the bones, never, in the centuries of the centuries, woman present crimes exceeds the lady of my story. Enough

introitus, Al accoutrement and chop points! I

Mademoiselle de *** was for the years of 1601 a fresh and lovely bud of sixteen summers, as a libertine dreams to cure dyspepsia. *** Lord of his father and perhaps the first fortune three times crowned city, committed the tontuna to die leaving her heiress Dona Sebastiana under the supervision of D. Blas Medina, Asturian and more severe than the same plume D. Pelayo. Imagine the reader whether it would be desirable and able to whet the appetite of a girl less greedy man that in addition to his youth, good coramvobis and wealth, had the rare good fortune not to bring father and mother to marry.

By this century the issue was not wearing wedding as steamed as in the time we reach. It is! This was a century of obscurantism and not progress, as of today, where tomorrow takes husband today that last night girl playing with dolls. There is no shortage of cooking damned who say that marriages are not a day for women more than a toy exchange, and entangled as it goes this blessed seam clerk or awareness. Again, then, that in 1601 the marriage was a point that wore many points, and the good of the tutor, who guessed at Dona Sebastiana itching to respond to the first porter I say that the bid, decided not to allow gathering of youths in house and save the girl as a miser's treasure chest.

women's education quality, then, was reduced to read enough to impose the life of the saint's day, writing not very fluently enough to make the point of washing, and playing the harp, with more or less delicacy, about the right to show off their skills in a Mass of Christmas. This, a lot of repeat chorus diptychs and ninth, a bit of sweet spice and salad and no treatment of people, and you stop counting, was the education of the millionaire and beautiful damsel. God have I of your hand and free me from blame for her to tutor! Blame the century, good backs had their fate to endure this and all charges that come in fancy me throw in tow.

Society of Dona Sebastiana forced apart scraper harp teacher, who was an old ugly able to give a fear fear itself, was reduced to a chubby monk seraphic guardian and his son, a boy of ten seminarian and eight years and whom his father dreamed of turning around a canon of mercy. D. Carlitos, in the presence of his father and diners, adopted a nonsense airecito anointing and assimilated it to an angel of the altarpiece. But put your trust in simpletons, reader of mine, and damn the pudding if you do not get any day itch to scratch. Six months

Dona Sebastiana had already held by your tutor. The boy left the faculty of the school every Sunday to spend the day at the house of your father, and a black point of prayers accompanied him to deliver it to the janitors of the seminar.

But it was written, D. Carlos had more fans than the theological folios to study in that mysterious book called the woman. The Jesuit Sanchez with its treaty churrigueresco Marriage, enhances the curiosity of the boys more than the serpent that tempted Eve. Maybe some of the chapters fell to the seminary, and here's how bad race poundage destruction was a young, naive chaste as Joseph, and perhaps deprived the church of Lima, one of the most splendid lights or lights . This preamble should give you, reader, reported that precautions magu D. Blas to preserve unharmed the pledge was given in trust, the first cuddles that launched the fiery point-blank range on the inflammable young girl, she was not pads, and every Sunday the lovers took advantage of the time the tutor, as a good son of the lazy Spain, used a nap, to be a surfeit of honeyed words and other things that I suspect should be between lovers.

Man is fire, the woman tow, and as a spark sufficient to cause a major fire that sung by Homer, is the devil suddenly y. .. Blows!

II

Thus passed five years in which, having died D. Blas Medina, took the girl in the free enjoyment of their fat primogeniture, and Don Carlos hung the robe of a seminarian, convinced that God did not call path of the Church. D. Blas, who in his youth had played a valuable township in Cuzco and further reinforced after his fortune in trade, he bequeathed his successor a negligible flow.

lad was made to camp by their respects, to attend the world, from the austerity of his late father had held off, and succeed in any order.

The love I had felt for Sebastianito vanished. Love was spent, and the boy needed to go hunting for news. Forgot his word to marry and legitimize the two children of their secret love affairs have taken place, and when I least expected the poor love, he received a letter D. Carlos the news that he had married in facie ecclesiæ a daughter of Captain arquebusiers D. Santiago Pedrosa, called Dolores.

Imagine the reader the effect that the note would produce in the minds of the passionate woman. For a while he walked his honor in tongues of the gossips of Lima, who made her sleeves and hoods. Dona Sebastiana roared also had the trial not very sane. In the end, as every woman who has loved frantically at the creature turned to the Creator, which means in plain language that became blessed, and blessed belt, which is one more item; blessed to read the booklet which published by a Jesuit spiritual Alfalfa title for the sheep of Jesus Christ, whose name was the consecrated Host dog bun (bread sinner).

However, provided that in the temple or on the street was the perjured lover escandalosísimas scenes took place. Doña Sebastiana not backward in their efforts to re-engage the rebels, and it had empestillado in the silly fad of giving the world an example of conjugal fidelity.

And so three years passed, until the unhappy became convinced that he had nothing to expect from the love of D. Carlos, and then decided to change tactics and devote himself to revenge.

III was a Monday, and leaving D. Carlos of the Mass of St. Augustine found his shadow or nightmare embodied in Sebastiana.

-Do me the favor, Mr. D. Carlos, to hear a few last words I want to say.

"I am at your service, madam, if not insist on putting on a love that today would be a crime - the young man replied.

-Placem

see you as loyal husband. You know I see a religious life and severe, and thus cast aside the apprehension that tells you anything you remember our mistake.

"Speak, madame.

"I have a son rather rich, as you know. In Lima and under my protection is not possible to acquire the education they deserve. Galleon sets sail tomorrow for Spain Callao, and the child he will march to Madrid, where he will be assisted by their relatives. I pray that you, his father's blessing for you to take to reach a prosperous voyage.

"Your claim is fair, ma'am, and I offer you then go through your house. Midi

per edge was when D. Carlos hugged his two sons in the living Sebastiana. His father's heart overflowed with love for them and their caresses and advice coming from the child were not limited to Europe. The daughter, an indication of Dona Sebastiana, offered his father tenderly some biscuits and a glass of wine regions. D. Carlos ate and drank with the kids, but not the mother also why they should be made, and suddenly his body slumped on the couch.

The poor had drunk a narcotic.

IV

Two hours later a carriage stopped at the yard of a ranch near the city. From it came

Dona Sebastiana and her two children. The coachman, helped by another slave, led to D. Carlos limp to the bed in one room he had prepared the vengeful lady.

This, alone with his victim, tied her arms tightly and feet, and waited to come out of their fatal lethargy.

D. Printing Carlos, on coming to herself, not enough to paint our pen. Here we give the floor to the reporter:

Sebastiana, after completing a D. Carlos of expletives, told to prepare to die in satisfaction of their perfidy. Immediately called his son, and placing it in the light of his father, he said: "I loved when your father was my lover. He left me, mocking my innocence, and is the husband of another woman, that he has not done as I sacrifice his honor. Vile procedure is the source of the hatred that now I have, in force I want to die in the presence of this infamous, who keep rejecting items belonging to it. " So fiercely struck the child, cut off his head and flung it on D. Carlos. Then he called his daughter, and with the same relationship and he likewise killed. Then, lavishing the most egregious insults began to cortr limb by limb from the body of D. Carlos, until he was expiring. Completed horrible carnage, buried at night, in conjunction with the coachman, the three bodies, and quietly returned to Lima.

The uproar in the city caused the disappearance of a subject as bienquisto as was D. Carlos and prosecution of his wife's family forced the Viceroy to give two thousand dollars apiece that intimation of Medina, and this impelled the coachman incentive to disclose the crime. It was a great public outcry. The offender confessed their crimes under torture and was sentenced at the Royal Court, and sentenced to hang and then hands off her, placed on a pike in the outskirts of the city, heading to the ranch where he committed these horrible crimes .

In the forty-eight hours spent in the chapel, noticed he was not so fierce woman less distress. Quite calmly said: "After my vengeance fulfilled, await without fear death."

V

Mrs. *** was the first woman hanged Lima's main square.

Wholesale Sun Hats For Toddlers

The Christ of the Agony (Ricardo Palma)

(By Dr. Alcides Destruge)

Peruvian tradition written by Don Ricardo Palma in 1867. Miguel Santiago was a great Ecuadorian painter violent. His genius had to hide in a chapel and when he left a passion in painting the Christ of the Agony. Making paint the suffering of Jesus on the Cross. What did Miguel Santiago is the most insane thing to do. the way, what is the famous picture.

I

San Francisco de Quito, founded in August of 1534 on the ruins of the ancient capital of Scyris , today has a population of 70,000 inhabitants and is situated on the eastern slopes of Mount Pichincha or boiling.

Pichincha researchers discover a traveler's eyes two large craters, which are undoubtedly a result of their vain eruptions. Presents three remarkable peaks or vents, known by the names of Rucu-Pichincha Pichincha or Old, Guagua-Pichincha Pichincha or the Child and Cundor-Guachana or Condor Nest. After Sangay, the world's most active volcano and is located in the same country of Scyris , in the vicinity Riobamba, it is clear that the Rucu-Pichincha is the volcano most fearsome of America. History has left us only the news of its eruptions in 1534, 1539, 1577, 1588, 1660 and 1662. Nearly two centuries had elapsed without its rough lava flows and tremors spread grief and desolation, and there were geologists who believed it was already a dead volcano. But the March 22, 1859 came to lie to the priests of science.

The picturesque Quito was then almost destroyed. However, as the main crater of Pichincha is the West, the lava is thrown in the direction of the deserts of Esmeraldas, saving for the city event has only been a victim of shaking the giant that serves as a watchtower. Would be desirable, however, for the repose of his most residents, who consider to what extent is justified in view of Humboldt Baron, who claims that the space of six thousand three hundred square miles around Quito contains flammable materials of a single volcano.

for children of republican America, the Pichincha symbolizes one of the most beautiful pages of the great epic of revolution. At the foot of the volcano occurred on May 24, 1822 the bloody battle that cemented forever the independence of Colombia.

Bless you, home of the brave, and the genius of the future will reserve the happiest hours that make up your mind!

picturesque banks of the Guayas me hospital has given asylum in the days of Prohibition and misfortune. Conforms to the gratitude of the pilgrims never forget the source that quenched his thirst, the palm tree and gave him cool shade and sweet oasis where he saw a horizon opened their hope.

Again I take my pen writer to get the dust of forgetting one of your most beautiful traditions, the memory of one of your men more illustrious history than the inspired revelation of his brush reached the laurels of genius as Olmedo with her singing the immortal Homeric poet's crown.

II

I have said. I will speak of a painter: Miguel de Santiago.

The art of painting, which in colonial times illustrated Antonio Salas, goriva, Morales and Rodriguez , is embodied in the magnificent pictures of our protagonist, who must be regarded as the true master of the Quito school. As creations of Rembrandt and the Flemish school are distinguished by the expertise of the shadows, certainly mysterious chiaroscuro and the happy disposition of the groups, and the Quito school is noted for the vividness of color and naturalness. Do not look at it the refinements of art, not 'll try to claim large correction in the lines of his Madonnas, but if you love the poetic as the blue sky of our valleys, the vague melancholy yaraví our Indians sing accompanied by sentimental harmonies of flute , behold our days the works of Rafael Salas, Chains or Carrillo.

The church of La Merced, Lima, today proudly holds a picture of Anselmo Yanez.

No detail is in the style of Quito in its entirety, but it reveals all that the artist was drawn into much national sentiment.

The people of Quito, has the sense of art. Suffice to prove a fact. The convent of San Agustín cloisters decorated with fourteen tables Miguel de Santiago, among which a large, entitled The genealogy of the holy Bishop of Hippo . One morning in 1857, was stolen a piece of box containing a beautiful group. The city was put on alert and all the people was established in coroner. The painting was restored. The thief had been a dealer in paintings abroad.

But since, on the incidence, we talked about the fourteen boxes which are kept in Santiago San Agustin, pictures that are distinguished by the property of the color and majesty of conception, essentially that of Baptism, we will introduce the reader to the cause that produced them and, like most of the biographical data we aim on this great artist, we have acquired a remarkable article written by the poet Ecuadorian Juan León Mera.

A English judge Santiago instructed him to do his portrait. Now completed, the artist went to a village called Guápulo, leaving the portrait to the sun to dry, and entrusting the care of it for his wife. The poor did not know how to prevent the portrait becomes soiled, and called goriva famous painter, a disciple and nephew of Michael, to redress the damage. Back Santiago, found in the joint of a finger other brush had passed over his. We confess the truth.

Our artist was a more geniazo vex the sea when it hurts and you go belly cramps. Became angry with what he thought a desecration, gave his belt to goriva and sliced \u200b\u200ban ear to his poor mate. Came and rebuked the judge for his violence. Santiago, without regard to the bells of the character, he also lashed lunges. The judge fled and filed charges against him furious. This took refuge in a monk's cell, and during the fourteen months of his hiding painted fourteen paintings that adorn the Augustinian cloister. Especially worth mentioning, by the skillful handling of the ink, the Miracle entitled weight waxes. It is alleged that one of the figures are that it is the portrait of the Miguel de Santiago.

III

When Miguel de Santiago returned to suck the air of his native city, his mind was already seized of the asceticism of his century. A burned his brain idea: move to canvas the supreme agony of Christ.

is often set to work, but, dissatisfied with the performance, he threw the paddle and break the canvas. But not so faint in his idea.

fever inspiration devoured, and yet, his brush was rebellious to obey intelligence so powerful and so determined will. But genius is the way out winner.

Among the disciples who attended the workshop was a beautiful young figure. Michael thought he saw in him the model needed to carry his thought accomplished achievement.

He did strip, and placed on a wooden cross. The attitude there was nothing pleasant or comfortable. However, in the face of the young man drew a smile.

But the artist did not seek the expression of complacency or indifference, but anguish and pain.

- Do you suffer? "Frequently asked his disciple.

"No, Master," replied the young man, smiling quietly. Suddenly

Miguel de Santiago, eyes out of their sockets, spiky hair and throwing a terrible curse, with a spear pierced the side of the boy.
He threw a groan and began to reflect on his face the throes of agony.

And Miguel de Santiago, in the frenzy of inspiration, with fanatical madness of art, copied the mortal anguish, and his brush, quick as thought, flying through the smooth canvas.

The dying man was agitated, crying and writhing on the cross, and Santiago, to copy each one of his seizures, he exclaimed with growing enthusiasm

- Well! Well, teacher Miguel! Well, well, Master Miguel!

finally unleashes the great artist the victim sees bloody and lifeless; pass his hand across his brow as if to evoke memories, and as if waking from a dream tiring, measures all the enormity of his crime and appalled himself, throws the palette and brushes, and flee hastily from the workshop.

Art dragged him to the crime!

But the Christ of the agony was over.

IV

This was the last picture of Miguel de Santiago. Its outstanding merit defense served the artist, who, after long trial won acquittal.
The painting was shipped to Spain. Is there yet, or is lost by the remarkable carelessness peninsular? Ignore it.

Miguel de Santiago, attacked from the day of his frequent hallucinations artistic crime of the brain, died in November 1673, and his tomb is at the foot of the altar of San Miguel in the chapel of the Tabernacle.

16 Year Old Lindsey Dawn Mckensey

D. Dimas of the Frigate (Ricardo Palma)

OLD STORY OF HOW ONE IS THAT YOU WON A LAWSUIT CLERK TO Dible

Peruvian This tradition was written by Don Ricardo Palma in 1864. Try a notary, to conquer the love of a woman, bet with the devil and won. Here, Don Ricardo Palma uses many colloquialisms, but they are easy to guess. comments or questions about the colloquialisms of this work.

I

Back in the early years of last century was, in the portal of Clerks of the city three times crowned kings of Peru, a clerk, whose spectacles on her nose Cicero, goose or other bird of prey, ink-horn, blue cloth pants short leg, tiritaña doublet and English cloak of color, if you had color, and that he had come by rightful inheritance from from father to son for three generations.

The town's namesake was known for good thief to whom Christ gave Don a passport to enter the glory, it was named D. Dimas of the Frigate, clerk of the Royal Court and a man who, by dint of giving faith, had been without a hint of faith, because in the office spent on the little short that brought the world.

was said that he had more backroom that a still life, more rosary beads from Jerusalem that he carried over his neck, and more than eight fold in the fruit of their tricks, lies and fraudulent changes, than could fit on a galleon. Was it for him by a soldier who said versista as of:

"A clerk and a cat fell into a pit, as the two had nails climbed the wall."

Fame is that, the clerk, had seized the three enemies of the soul that was his as long as darning and patches which did not recognize his Divine Majesty, who he is and that it has created. And I have to myself that if the Supreme Being, he would have come in please, call her at trial, would have exclaimed with astonishment, "Dimas, what has made the soul I gave you?".

This is the clerk, by dint of mischief was the cream people of the trade, and if the wrong was not where disposal, nor the guardian angel would find handle to transport his spirit to heaven when I got the set in the aftermath. They

your mercy that as steward of the union, at a party paid for by the scribes, in the middle of the sermon happened to drop a cat from the cornice of the temple, which disrupted the preacher and swirled into the auditorium. But D. Dimas restored quiet to the point, shouting "No reason to mess, gentlemen. Warn that has fallen is a brother of the famous congregation, that has certainly committed a crime to come a little late to the party. Now follow your reverence with the sermon. "

All guilds are patron saint on earth who exercised the same trade or profession, but neither in the Roman martyrology there would have been holy clerk, as if it was or it was San Aproniano is still unresolved. The poor things are not in heaven intercede for them comrade. Bad Easter

God gives me, and be the first to come, or give me longevity of ill health elephant, if the portrait, and physical and moral, Frigate, will I have the patience to bother living member of the respectable fraternity of before me and certify. And I make this exception worthy of trust lay not so much for discharge of my sins, which are numerous, and my consciousness narrator, that are not important, but rather because these are people of great strength that neither road nor do I play or I will not charge you. Enough of drawings and requilorios, and walk on foot, and continue the party, if God pleases, and time and encourage me water, and this council Falls in grace, stories have to fit in abundance and without further intervention scribe. Walk the wheel and hit her.

II

do not know who said that women were the bane of mankind, in which, mine is the account if he did not say nonsense like the fist. Centuries ago the poor that we are throwing Eva curiosity in the face I spanked her a bite of the proverbial apple, as if it had not been in the hands of Adam, who was eventually brought a pauper too lightly, return the appeal as inadmissible, and why, in God and my soul, declare that the candy was tempting to those who feel a soul stirrings in his body. Bonita apology of his father Adam thanks! Nowadays the apology does not save him going to prison, though, to imprisonment is more than enough with their living and clubbed some drag in this vale of tears and animal skins. Men also accept our share of responsibility in a very good time temptation provides, and do not bear the whole matter to the beautiful sex.

Up, legs, above, stringers! in this world are all traps.

some would not think that this digression is beside the point. But go if you come! I served as nothing less than to inform the reader that gave the old Frigate, when men and women smell, not patchouli, but wax die well, stupid at worst it can give an old man. She fell to the crown of Visitation, gentle girl of twenty summers, with a palm and a graceful and able to tempt him to the very general of the parents belemnites, a polished waistband and those of look at me funny and do not touch me, like cherry red lips, teeth like almendruco, eyes like two stars and more rock and coarse matadors. When I say that was a bud girl through and through!

However, the clerk was a modest bumblebee pocket and gold so close to his chest as a minister to nap, and when they could give it would not even good night, it was proposed to tame the girl by force of entertainments , and sent her a diamond pendant earrings with pearls as chickpeas, now rich velvet costumes of Flanders at that time cost a pretty penny. But the more wasted tailed, more distant the time saw the girl had been done in a charity, and this brought him to retortero resistance. Visitation

love and company lived with an aunt, old as the sin of gluttony, who years later encorozó the Holy Inquisition for pimps and concealing, making walking the streets in pack-beast, with chillador Curriers front and back. The damn darning of wills did not believe, as Sancho, who was unhappily married niece better than good abarraganada, and mischievously indoctrinating their third party with the girl, was a day the longer leg to stand on the doodle and mischief because of a rogue cat. Since if the aunt was the hook, the niece, and complete woman under the regulations of birlibirloque became bait for fishing maravedíes more than two and more than three wealthy gentlemen of this land.

The clerk came every night to house visitation, and after notification with a salute, went on to expose the allegation sufficient proof of his love. She heard him cutting his nails, reminding some boquirrubio that compliments the flowers burst out of the parish church, saying to his coat, "Babazorro, snuggle you sweat, and you wipe the egg" or Canturri:

"Do not waste your bullets in me, policeman, because I'm high-flying dove. If you wish to want you to give me before earrings and rings, lace and gloves. "

And took care of the compliments and teasing of Frigate birds, such as stone berroqueña to the chirps of the glass it breaks. And six months passed, accepting the Alboroque Visitation and not recognize a party nor disclose to covering the warrant because he knew very sly fund the influence of her charms on the heart of the scribe.

But we will find little way of Santiago, where both sliding catch as the healthy.

III

One night he tried to lift the rooster tailed to Visitation, or, which is, to get angry, he ordered that he should put her feet on the wall, because I was tired of having before our eyes the picture of heresy, which she and not the other resembling D. Dimas. Sketched out this evil, and the black of his misfortune with good reason, the girl's house, and walking, walking, and lost in thought, he found a piece of the twelve, at the foot of the hill of the Branches. A playful breeze, those who walk pregnant with runny nose, cooled her head slightly and said:

-my faith is that I grind with the mop that gives the honest and stocking, when I know more of her caliber miracles which reads the "Flos Sanctorum. Come and take a devil either my doublet instead of the love of the capricious creature!

Satan, from the deepest caverns of hell had heard the words of the feather, rang the bell, and the claim was made the devil Lilith. In case my readers do not know this character, have known that the demonógrafos, who walk around and tables on the clavicles of Solomon, books they read in the glow of an emerald, say Lilit, Devil beautiful picture, very flattering and Peculiarly, the correvedile of His Infernal Majesty.

-Go, Lilit, the mountain of branches and extend a contract with a man who could find there, and that harbors so much contempt for his soul to the flame doublet. Grant soon as you ask and do not put out of haggling, you know I'm not stingy in the case of a dam.

I, poor and badly brought storyteller, I could not reach details about the meeting between Lilith and D. Dimas, because there was no court reporter on hand to take charge of copying without losing point or comma. It is a pity, by my faith! But suffice to know that Lilith, returning to hell, Satan handed a scroll, a formula more or less read:

"Be it known that I, Mr. Dimas of the Earwig, I give my doublet to the king of the abyss instead of love and possession of a woman. Item, I force myself to satisfy the debt of date in three years. " And here were the signatures of the high contracting parties and stamped by the devil.

When entering the clerk in his den, went to open the door no less than Visitation, Visitation prissy disdain and who, drunk with love she threw herself into the arms of Frigate. What is the bell, as the clapper. Lilit

had kindled in the heart of the poor girl Lais fire, and its shameless sense of Messalina lubricity. Fold this page, which in itself is dangerous that can be extended into details entice the neighbor plowing his eternal damnation, without being worth the Bull of Meco and the composition.

IV

As there is no deadline is not met or debt is not paid, spent, day by day, three years as three eggplants, and came the day that had tailed to do honor to his signature. Carried away by a superior force and without realizing it, was found in a verb transported to the hill of the Branches, that even in the devil that was picky and wanted to be paid in the same place and time that the contract was extended.

At face Lilith, the clerk began to undress with a lot of phlegm, but the devil said: "No

take your worship that work, that damn weight to the load increase the fabric of the suit. I have a USARC forces to carry clothing and footwear.

"Well no nudity, no fall in how it is possible to pay my debt.

-Click USARC as he pleases, and that he still has a moment of freedom.

The clerk continued in operation until the doublet or jerkin drawn inside, and passing it Lilit said

-debt paid and come my paper. Lilit

laughed with all the enthusiasm of a devil is capable cheerful scoundrel.

"And what do USARC to do with this pledge?

- Takes! This piece is called doublet, and that's what I've sold and I'm bound. Charter sings. Review USARC, Mr. diabolín, contract, and you have conscientious give well paid. As a doublet that cost me an ounce, as a porthole in the Pacheco shop!

"I do not understand tracamundanas, M. D. Dimas. Come with me and keep your words in the chest when in front of my master. In this

expired minute, and Lilith began to shoulder tailed, sneaking to him rondón in hell. By the way shouted loudly that the clerk had haste in the proceedings of Lilith, who all served time and was void and against law, and threatened the sheriff devil that if people find justice in the other area you would enter into litigation, and at least I would award costs. Lilit merchant put ears to the voices of D. Dimas, and was already, by way of warning, plunging into a cauldron of boiling lead, when stirred up the Cocyto and reprimands Satan of the labyrinth and causes that motivated, agreed that she would adopt the thing in question. To adhere to the law and escape that smells arbitrariness and despotism, the devil! Fortunately for Tijereta

not been introduced at that time in hell the use of stamped paper, here on earth that has no end a process, and in short time the cause was blocked in the first and second instance. Without citing the Charter Pandects or judged, and with only the authority of the dictionary of the language, tried the rogue good law, and judges, who in life were probably writers and academics, ordered without delay to be given her freedom , and Lilit guide him by the intricacies of hell until he was safely in the door of his house. The sentence was fulfilled to the letter, in which Satan gave evidence that the laws in hell are not, as in the world, violated by the boss and good only for writing. But the evil destroyed hechizo, se encontró D. Dimas con que Visitación lo había abandonado corriendo a encerrarse en un beaterío, siguiendo la añeja máxima de dar a Dios el hueso después de haber regalado la carne al demonio.

Satanás, por no perderlo todo, se quedó con la almilla; y es fama que desde entonces los escribanos no usan almilla. Por eso cualquier constipadito vergonzante produce en ellos una pulmonía de capa de coro y gorra de cuartel o una tisis tuberculosa de padre y muy señor mío.

V

Y por más que fui y vine, sin dejar la ida por la venida, no he podido saber a punto fijo si, andando el tiempo, murió D. Dimas de buena o de mala muerte. Pero lo que sí is ascertained thing is that bundled the gear, it was not fair to stay on earth to seed rogues. Such, oh dearest reader!, My belief.

But one my friend told me that, strictly speaking compadres, who died Tijereta wanted his soul, who had more wrinkles and folds that range from flirty, drinking water in one of the cauldrons But Botero, and the porter of hell will shouted: "Long out! Do not admit and write. "

This made my friend to the above conjecture that the soul of the scribe did the same with that of Judas Iscariot, which therefore comes to mind and the opportunity is bald, I must note here briefly and in conclusion.

old chronicles are referred to the apostle who sold Christ began after his crime, accounts himself, and saw that the best way to settle them was to throw the thirty pieces and make capers, become cluster tree.

made his suicide, not written before, as Hogan is customary, a farewell letter, where for more efforts made refused to give him lodging.

The same happened in hell, and desperate and shivering returned to the world looking for somewhere to shelter.

happened to pass by chance, a usurer, whose body had long since migrated support the weary soul of mischief, and that of Judas said, "Here you do not sin" and took up residence in the humanity of the miser. Since then we say that the usurers have the soul of Judas.

And with that, friend reader, and every four years is a leap, put the rounded to the story, wishing you health as well as I had a little effort to give comfort and amusement.